Suchergebnisse

Contrasts the effects of loans & debt service ratios with the effects of dependency on economic growth, 1973-1985, using cross-national & aggregate data from 43 nations. It is argued that the present phase of world system development is shaped by finance capital & debt dependency. Debt dependence refers to dependence on flows & stock of concessional & nonconcessional debt & resulting debt service ratios to finance development. While flows of loans may increase economic growth, stocks of debt inhibit development. It is found that trade & investment variables in addition to stocks of nonconcessional debt & debt service ratios had negative effects on economic growth. 3 Tables, 36 References. Adapted from the source document.

Explanations that focus on economic growth and demand for female workers, family roles and fertility, structure of the state, class inequality, and population competition.

Reviewed are structural explanations of F LF participation that have focused on (1) economic growth & demand for F workers, (2) family roles & fertility, (3) structure of the state, (4) class inequality, & (5) population competition. These are tested using cross-national & longitudinal data for a sample of 16 advanced industrial nations over 5 time points from 1955-1975. Ordinary least squares estimates show some support for most of these explanations; however, the effects of the population sex ratio, a variable ignored in most studies, emerged as the strongest influence. In Tracking a Ghost to Test a Theory, Andrea Tyree (State U of New York, Stony Brook) argues that, since the sociological study of sex-specific LFs is restricted by ceilings, many statistical tools are inappropriate for analysis. Additionally, the responsiveness of the F LF to changes in its numbers cannot be interpreted as a consequence of the competition between Ms & Fs for jobs, but is due to expansions & contractions of the total LF promoted by variations in the size of the F population. Fs absorb virtually all of these LF increases & decreases, while the M LF is unaffected. In More on the Meaning of the Effect of the Sex Ratio on Female Labor Force Participation, Ward & Pampel reanalyze their original data using Tyree's methods & find support for their "population competition" hypothesis. It is argued that competition may not be a zero-sum game, since in a number of countries after WWII, shortage of M workers led to a rise in Fs' share of typically M occupations. Though their hypothesis is supported, Ward & Pampel argue that Tyree's methods provide highly unstable results; the use of traditional regression methods is recommended. 5 Tables, 40 References. K. Hyatt