Suchergebnisse

Title IX, a piece of federal legislation passed in 1972, spurred dramatic growth in the opportunities for women and girls to participate in sports and athletics in the United States, especially in the 1970s. Whereas only 1 out of 27 high school girls participated in sports in 1971, by the end of the decade the figure was 1 out of 3. These breakthroughs were confined to the U.S. Women's sports activism did not emerge as a global phenomenon until the 1990s. A key factor in facilitating its emergence were the networks and coalitions encouraged by the United Nations World Conferences on Women, beginning with Mexico City in 1975 and especially Beijing in 1995. ; El Title IX, ley federal aprobada en 1972, estimuló espectacularmente el crecimiento de las oportunidades para las mujeres y las chicas a participar en los deportes y el atletismo en los Estados Unidos, especialmente en la década de 1 970. Mientras que sólo 1 de cada 27 chicas de secundaria participaban en deportes en 1971, a finales de la década, la cifra fue de 1 de cada 3. Estos avances se limitaron al activismo deportivo de las Mujeres de EE.UU, no emergiendo como un fenómeno mundial hasta la década de 1 990. Un factor clave para facilitar su surgimiento fueron las redes y ailanzas promovidas por las Conferencias Mundiales de las Naciones Unidas sobre la Mujer, iniciándose en la ciudad de México en 1 975 y especialmente en la de Pekín en 1995.

One hallmark of recent feminist biography has been its focus on the interplay between the personal and the political in constructing the narratives of individual women's lives. The case of Alice Paul suggests that not all subjects are amenable to such an approach. Paul so defined her life by devotion to the cause of feminism, first woman suffrage and then decades of advocacy for the Equal Rights Amendment, that she had no personal life to speak of. When the personal is so completely subsumed to the political, it poses a huge hurdle for the feminist biographer.

Pauli Murray was involved in practically all the major
developments that historians of the United States write about when they
try to make sense of the twentieth century, especially the movements for
social change that have been so central to its history. Civil rights,
feminism, religion, literature, law, sexuality—no matter what
the subject, there is Pauli Murray. Eight scholars—(Susan Ware,
Patricia Bell-Scott, Glenda Gilmore, Rosalind Rosenberg, Susan Hartmann,
Joyce Antler, Leila Rupp, and Verta Taylor)—tackle a different
moment or theme in Murray's life. Each essay stands on its own, but
when read collectively, they document Pauli Murray's central role in
twentieth-century American women's history and are intended to spur
future research.