Suchergebnisse

Knowledge of the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction and its unique biodiversity is developing. This title examines the threats to the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction from existing and emerging human uses and the adequacy of the international law provisions to protect this major part of the global environment

Knowledge of the threats posed to the oceans by human activity has expanded beyond marine pollution to encompass recognition of the risks posed to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) by overfishing, destructive fisheries practices, and invasive exploitation of living and nonliving marine resources. However, with the still-developing state of marine scientific research, the majority of activities at sea continue to occur with limited knowledge of their impacts on the marine environment. In this climate of uncertainty, environmental assessment assumes heightened importance. While governance structures will generally exist to facilitate environmental assessment in marine areas within national jurisdiction, these structures are still developing for marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ).

AbstractEnvironmental flows are waters released from storages to improve degraded ecosystems. Subsequent monitoring is then used to determine incremental benefits. These flows in the Hawkesbury Nepean and the Durance are very low compared with those advocated for other systems. In the former, water is used in Sydney and Wollongong, while the Durance water is diverted to supply 16 hydropower stations. In this system, reserved flows have been set at 2.5% of mean discharge, while in the Australian river, environmental flows have varied, but are usually 3.6% or less in the current regime. Additionally, increasing the transparencies of barrages and weirs will enhance the effectiveness of current environmental flows. Implementation of such flows imposes many problems because of structural difficulties for releasing water and compromising regulatory infrastructures. Additionally, with the onset of global warming, both systems will suffer significant water losses.

pt. A. International law considerations in maritime regulation and enforcement -- pt. B. Role of states and other international actors in maritime regulation and enforcement -- pt. C. Regulation and enforcement in different maritime sectors -- pt. D. Current issues and future challenges

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