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This book presents a range of analyses across the security spectrum, bringing a deep understanding of core global security challenges into contention with ongoing theoretical debates between critical and traditional approaches. Chapters analyse the evolving and shifting dynamics of geopolitics, prolonged armed conflicts, large-scale public health emergencies, and economic fractures. Additionally, authors discuss climate shocks, deepening social and economic inequity, trends in nationalism and populism, gendered violence, as well as challenges pertaining to cyber insecurity, emerging technologies, nuclear weapons, and global terrorism. The book illustrates these unparalleled circumstances, taken together with the epochal juncture expressed in the global pandemic, have evolved and coalesced to redefine the many complexities and oscillations of global security.

This book presents a range of analyses across the security spectrum, bringing a deep understanding of core global security challenges into contention with ongoing theoretical debates between critical and traditional approaches. Chapters analyse the evolving and shifting dynamics of geopolitics, prolonged armed conflicts, large-scale public health emergencies, and economic fractures. Additionally, authors discuss climate shocks, deepening social and economic inequity, trends in nationalism and populism, gendered violence, as well as challenges pertaining to cyber insecurity, emerging technologies, nuclear weapons, and global terrorism. The book illustrates how these unparalleled circumstances, taken together with the epochal juncture expressed in the global pandemic, have evolved and coalesced to redefine the many complexities and oscillations of global security.

1. The vision of Prague -- 2. The Obama administration and the nuclear posture review -- 3. The Obama administration and the new START treaty -- 4. The Obama administration and the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty -- 5. The Obama administration and other nuclear initiatives -- 6. The Obama administration and Iran, North Korea and Pakistan -- 7. The Obama administration and India, China and Israel.

"This book examines US recourse to military force in the post-9/11 era. In particular, it evaluates the extent to which the Bush and Obama administrations viewed legitimizing the greater use-of-force as a necessary solution to thwart the security threat presented by global terrorist networks and WMD proliferation. The Bush administration's use-of-force policy centered on advocating preemptive self-defence options, which were really preventive in nature. For example, it is argued that they responded to potential long-term threats based on ambiguous evidence. Central to this cloaking of preventive options in the more legitimate language of preemptive self-defence was an expanded notion of what counts as an imminent threat. Despite the Obama administration's avowal to multilateralism and professed US adherence to global norms, it did not expressly reject his predecessor's reasoning on the preemptive/preventive use-of-force. Indeed, the Administration's counter-terrorist campaign against Al Qaeda and in particular its drone program made the use-of-force in self-defence a widespread, regular, even commonplace occurrence during Obama's tenure. Despite being positioned at different points on the political spectrum, the book therefore concludes that Bush and Obama have chosen a remarkably similar approach towards expanding the use-of-force in self-defence. "--

"This book comprehensively outlines and evaluates the key Obama nuclear weapons policies, developments and initiatives from 2008-2012. Beginning with the Administration's vision and goals posited in the 2009 Prague Speech and reaffirmed in the National Security Strategy of 2010, the book assess the Congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), the New START Treaty, the pursuit of CTBT ratification, the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT), the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Review the Conference, the Global Nuclear Security Summit and the extent to Obama in the context of such initiatives, has actually upheld the lofty goals posited in Prague and differentiated himself from the nuclear path pursued by the Bush Administration. Additionally, the book also evaluates the Obama Administration's dealings with other states in the context of its nuclear weapons policy - in particular, North Korea, Iran, Pakistan, India and China. Offering a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies and international relations"--

1. The Bush doctrine : definitions and interpretations of prevention and pre-emption -- 2. The Bush doctrine : preventive war in Iraq -- 3. The Bush doctrine and prevention : evident in twentieth-century US foreign policy : case studies -- 4. The Bush doctrine and the nuclear option : the transition from Clinton to Bush -- 5. The nuclear option : Bush and the 'real' doctrine -- 6. The nuclear option : from Bush to Obama.

Despite its portrayal as a bold departure, the Bush Doctrine was not the "new" or "revolutionary" policy instrument that many at the time portended. This work seeks to argue that while it was clear that the Bush Doctrine certainly qualified as a preventive war policy, it is apparent that the adoption of this strategy did not mark a total break with American tradition or earlier Administrations. Warren seeks to dispel arguments pertaining to the supposed "radical" nature of the Bush Doctrine - based on comparisons with previous National Security Strategies and previous Administrations' penchant for prevention. However, the work also highlights that what was new and bold about the Bush Administration's National Security Strategy of 2002, was its willingness to embrace reinvigorating a nuclear option that could ultimately be used in the context of preventive war. While Obama has struck bold rhetorical notes and promises in relation to limiting the role of nuclear weapons, he has stopped short of changing the status quo on critical issues that have lingered since the Cold War - such as tactical nuclear weapons and keeping missiles on alert. This book's final section examines the extent to which Obama has attempted to 'adjust' the nuclear option with the recent release of the congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture Review (NPR). Offering new insights into the Bush doctrine and providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies and international relations

Examines the 21st century U.S. Presidents' comparative policies, strategies, attitudes and behaviours towards ChinaComprehensively examines the three 21st Century U.S. presidential administrations and their foreign policies toward China Provides a detailed analysis of Trump's first term in officeFocuses on the key security challenges relating to, among others, Chinese military modernization, South and East China Seas, the Indo-Pacific region, the Belt and Road Initiative, nuclear modernizationThis book draws critical attention to the core security challenges that have defined U.S. foreign policy in relation to China and its rise on the international stage. During the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama the traditional safeguards and stabilizers to strategic competition were broadly adhered to, albeit in some cases not without great difficulty. Under the leadership of Donald Trump and China's Xi Jinping, however, these bulwarks have alarmingly diminished. Abrupt departures in engagement platforms and asserting regional defensive postures have become the new norms. With brevity and nuance, this book provides much needed connective tissue in examining these departures and their antecedents across the Bush, Obama and Trump administrations. It reveals Washington and Beijing are moving towards a new period where, unlike previous ones, this one will be characterised by an amplified preponderance of competition, and the enhanced probability of conflict and confrontation

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- List of acronyms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 U.S. modernization efforts and the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review -- 3 Russia's nuclear modernization -- 4 U.S.-Russian bilateral disarmament -- 5 Chinese nuclear strategy -- 6 U.S. nuclear weapons modernization and the impact on the nuclear nonproliferation regime -- 7 NATO nuclear modernization -- 8 Through a crystal ball, dimly: nuclear modernization's anticipated effects on International Relations theory -- 9 Modernization a determent to international security -- 10 Modernization as a promoter of international security: the special role of U.S. nuclear weapons -- 11 Afterword -- Index.

These insightful essays focus on the challenges associated with interventions when facing conflict and human rights violations, unmitigated systematic violence, state re-building, human mobility and dislocation. Case studies including Kosovo, Timor-Leste, Syria, Libya and Iraq.

These insightful essays focus on the challenges associated with interventions when facing conflict and human rights violations, unmitigated systematic violence, state re-building, human mobility and dislocation. Case studies including Kosovo, Timor-Leste, Syria, Libya and Iraq