Suchergebnisse

Der Verfasser arbeitet einleitend die Investitionsbedürfnisse der russischen Erdölwirtschaft heraus und stellt sie den bislang nur in äußerst begrenztem Umfang geflossenen ausländischen Direktinvestitionen gegenüber. Als Ursache für das unzulängliche Niveau der Auslandsinvestitionen in diesem Sektor werden unzulängliche gesetzliche Garantien, hohe Besteuerung und Exportbarrieren herausgearbeitet. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird gefragt, welche Faktoren eine für alle beteiligten Gruppen wirtschaftlich vorteilhafte Intensivierung des ausländischen Kapitalzustroms verhindern. Hier nennt der Verfasser die Verwerfungen um Zuge der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Transformation, Auslandsinvestitionen blockierende Partikularinteressen sowie eine verbreitete Furcht vor einer westlichen Kolonisierung und Ausbeutung russischer Naturschätze. Als zentrale Voraussetzung für einen Erfolg westlicher Investitionsprojekte in der russischen Erdölwirtschaft wird der politische Wille der verantwortlichen russischen Stellen zur Durchsetzung solcher Projekte angesehen. (BIOst-Wpt)

At midnight on 30 June 1997 the 99-year lease on the New Territories expires. Although the Chinese Government has yet to announce final plans for a resumption of control, the most recent indications are that British administration will cease on that date It is commonly agreed that Hong Kong cannot survive as an "independent territory" without the New Territories (technically the island of Hong Kong and parts of Kowloon south of Boundary Street are not involved in the 1898 lease). The purpose of this short article is to acquaint the general reader with some aspects of the history and social structure of the New Territories, and the unique Chinese sub-culture that has emerged.

After giving a brief historical background of the New Territories, the author describes the indigenous peoples (Cantonese, Hakka and boatpeople), local politics and the New Territories living and working in Western Europe and North America. Given the difficulty of conducting social research in China, Hong Kong's rural hinterland (the New Territories) has become a virtual laboratory for the study of rural Chinese society. A series of rural committees established in the New Territories in the 1950s. (DÜI-Sen)

Social historians and social anthropologists may differ in respect to methodology but they often study the same kinds of problems and ask similar questions of their data. This is particularly true in the field of Chinese studies. Anthropologists who work in Chinese villages, towns or cities cannot help but be aware of historical issues; if they are not their hosts will soon set them straight. Historians, in turn, must become anthropologists of sorts if they hope to understand the complexities of Chinese social institutions.

After half a century of intense debate, landlordism in traditional China continues to be one of the most controversial subjects in Asian Studies circles. The earlier literature on this topic tends to be contradictory and, at times, highly polemical. Two loosely defined schools of thought have emerged since the 1930s: (A) those scholars who argue that landlord-tenant relations were primarily exploitative with the balance of power passing increasingly to urban-based absentee landlords, and (B) those who maintain that a high rate of tenancy is not particularly unique to the twentieth century and that the relationship between landlord and tenant was not uniformly exploitative. The present paper does not fit neatly into either school, although specific elements of the following argument can be isolated to support opposing sides of the debate. I intend to explore one form of traditional Chinese tenancy, known in the literature as 'hereditary' or 'permanent' tenancy, which was common throughout many parts of Southeastern China until the Communist land reform campaigns of the early 1950s. The tenants were hereditary in the sense that the usufruct passed patrilineally from father to son while the actual title to the land remained in the hands of powerful lineage corporations. The tenants lived in satellite villages near the landlords' communities and were overshadowed in every way by their dominant neighbors.