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It is generally accepted in the literature that writing assignments, even short ones, increase both student writing ability and comprehension of the material covered in the assignments. As class enrollments increase, particularly at the introductory level, however, instructors often sacrifice writing assignments because of the difficulty in grading written assignments. In this study, we assess the benefits of an online writing program (Calibrated Peer Review [CPR]) that allows students to learn to evaluate and actually grade each other's essays. We find that the CPR process results in better content mastery on exams. Moreover, it makes writing assignments feasible in very large classes. Adapted from the source document.

The 32‐item Attitudes About Romance and Mate Selection Scale (ARMSS) was developed to measure constraining beliefs about mate selection. Using factor analysis, seven factors were identified roughly corresponding to Larson's (1992) constraining beliefs about mate selection. The final instrument consisted of four distractor items to help disguise the nature of the instrument plus 28 items on seven subscales: (a) One and Only, (b) Love Is Enough, (c) Cohabitation, (d) Complete Assurance, (e) Idealization, (f) Ease of Effort, and (g) Opposites Complement. Reliability and validity evidence was demonstrated. Results showed few gender differences in the degree to which constraining beliefs about mate selection are held by single young adults. However, significant differences were found when age, religious affiliation, and ethnicity were considered. Implications for using the ARMSS in premarital counseling and education are discussed.

The beliefs held by nurses have the potential to influence the beliefs of the individuals andfamiliesfor whom they care. This clinical example presents the experience of a couple who presented with marital conflict at the Family Nursing Unit, University of Calgary, about 8 months following the husband's second myocardial infarction. As the story of this couple's recovery experience unfolded, the constraining influence of the hospital nurses' beliefs on the wife's behavior throughout her husband's recovery became evident. The iatrogenically induced beliefs constrained the wife from voicing her concerns directly to her husband because she believed she could increase her husband's stress and make him ill. A clinical model offamily systems nursing that focuses on beliefs guided the assessment and intervention offered to the couple. Ironically, this clinical case example describes how one group of nurses assisted the family by challenging the beliefs of another group of nurses. The importance and influence of beliefs, particularly the beliefs of nurses, are highlighted.

Young adults are the highest consumers of food prepared outside home (FOH) and gain most weight among Australian adults. One strategy to address the obesogenic food environment is menu labelling legislation whereby outlets with >20 stores in one state and >50 Australia-wide must display energy content in kJ. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of FOH to the energy and macronutrients, saturated fat, total sugars and sodium intakes of young Australians. One thousand and one 18 to 30-year-olds (57% female) residing in Australia's most populous state recorded all foods and beverages consumed and the location of preparation for three consecutive days using a purpose-designed smartphone application. Group means for the daily consumption of energy, percentage energy (%E) for protein, carbohydrate, total sugars, total and saturated fats, and sodium density (mg/1000 kJ) and proportions of nutrients from FOH from menu labelling and independent outlets were compared. Overall, participants consumed 42.4% of their energy intake from FOH with other nutrients ranging from 39.8% (sugars) to 47.3% (sodium). Independent outlets not required to label menus, contributed a greater percentage of energy (23.6%) than menu labelling outlets (18.7%, p < 0.001). Public health policy responses such as public education campaigns, extended menu labelling, more detailed nutrition information and reformulation targets are suggested to facilitate healthier choices.