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Letters of seamen below the rank of commissioned officer are rare, both in original form and in print. This edited collection of 255 letters, written by seamen in the British Navy and their correspondents between 1793 and 1815, gives voice to a group of men whose lives and thoughts are otherwise mostly unknown. The letters are extremely valuable for the insights which they give into aspects of life below decks and the subjects close to the writers' hearts: money matters, ties with home and homesickness. They also provide eye-witness accounts of events during a tumultuous and important period of British and European history. One group of letters, included as a separate section, comprises the letters of seamen and their family and friends which were intercepted by the authorities during the mutinies of 1797. These letters shed a great deal of light on the extraordinary events of that year and of seamen's attitudes to the mutinies. The editors' introductory material, besides highlighting what the letters tell us about seamen's lives and attitudes, also discusses the extent of literacy amongst seamen, setting this into its wider contemporary popular context. The letters are supported by a substantial editorial apparatus and two detailed appendices containing biographies of seamen and information on select ships which took part in the mutinies of 1797

According to Eccles and Jacobs' (1986) parent socialization model, parents' gendered ability and value beliefs influence girls' and boys' interpretations of those beliefs, and hence students' domain‐specific valuing of tasks and competence beliefs and subsequent career plans. Studies have rarely analyzed how both student‐perceived mothers' and fathers' beliefs affect girls' and boys' task values, success expectancies, and career plans across domains. This study analyzed survey data of 459 students (262 boys) assessed through Grades 9, 10, and 11 from three coeducational secondary schools in Sydney, Australia. Longitudinal structural equation models revealed gendered value transmission pathways for girls in mathematics. Although mathematics test scores did not vary statistically significantly, girls reported statistically significantly lower mothers' ability beliefs for them in mathematics than boys at Time 1, which led to their statistically significantly lower mathematics intrinsic value at Time 2 and mathematics‐related career plans at Time 3. Such gendered pathways did not occur in English. Matched same‐gender effects and gendered pathways in parent socialization processes were evident; perceived mothers' value beliefs were more strongly related to girls' than boys' importance values in English. Student‐perceived fathers' ability beliefs positively predicted boys', not girls', importance value in mathematics. Implications for educational practice emphasize the need to target girls' and boys' interest when aiming to enhance their mathematical career motivations.

Gender and occupational outcomes: an introduction / Helen M.G. Watt -- Mathematics as the critical filter? -- Gender, mathematics achievement, and the educational and occupational aspirations of Canadian youth / Jennifer D. Shapka, José F. Domene, and Daniel P. Keating -- Mathematics as the critical filter: curricular effects on gendered career choices / Xin Ma and Willis Johnson -- Psychological processes and gendered participation in math, science and technology-based careers -- What motivates females and males to pursue sex-stereotyped careers? / Helen M.G. Watt -- Gendered high school course selection as a precursor of gendered careers: the mediating role of self-concept and intrinsic value / Gabriel Nagy ... [et al.] -- Testing for time-invariant and time-varying predictors of self-perceived ability in math, language arts, and science: a look at the gender factor / Barbara M. Byrne -- A sociomotivational analysis of gender effects on persistence in science and technology: a 5-year longitudinal study / Simon Larose ... [et al.] -- The importance of family considerations, family, and biology in gendered career choices -- Is the desire for a family-flexible job keeping young women out of male-dominated occupations? / Pamela M. Frome ... [et al.] -- Gender-typed occupational choices: the long-term impact of parents' beliefs and expectations / Christina S. Chhin, Martha M. Bleeker, and Janis E. Jacobs -- Biological contributors to gendered occupational outcome: prenatal androgen effects on predictors of outcome / Sheri A. Berenbaum and Kristina L. Korman Bryk -- Social and institutional constraints on women's career development -- Gendered occupational outcomes from multilevel perspectives: the case of professional training and work in Turkey / Ahu Tatlı, Mustafa Özbilgin, and Fatma Küskü -- Advancing women faculty in science and engineering: an effort in institutional transformation / Abigail Stewart and Danielle LaVaque-Manty -- The continuing technological revolution: a comparison of three regions' strategies for creating women-inclusive workplaces / Christina M. Vogt

PurposeWhy do girls and women progressively opt out of maths‐related study and careers? This study aims to examine motivations influencing female adolescents' choices for maths participation during high school, which has implications for their long‐term careers.Design/methodology/approachTwo longitudinal samples were included from different contexts – one from Sydney, Australia (N=459), and the other from Southeastern Michigan, USA (N=266). Both samples involved adolescents from upper middle‐class backgrounds, from coeducational government schools, and data in both settings were collected in the mid 1990s. Australian data spanned a three‐year period through grades 9 to 11; while the US sample spanned a five‐year period, with data from grades 8, 10, 11, and 12. The Expectancy‐Value model of Eccles (Parsons) et al., framed structural equation modelling analyses for the influences of maths ability‐related beliefs and values on boys' and girls' subsequent choices for senior high maths participation.FindingsBoys selected higher levels of maths than girls in the Australian setting, although not in the US sample. There was no support for gendered maths achievement as a basis for gendered maths participation. Interest in and liking for maths were the strongest influence on the Australian adolescents' choices for maths participation, with ability beliefs also influencing choices over and above prior mathematical achievement. Ability‐related beliefs and different kinds of values also predicted adolescents' choices in the US sample, more strongly for girls than boys.Practical implicationsInterpretations and implications focus on ways to increase girls' and women's retention in the leaky maths pipeline.Originality/valueLongitudinal data allow one to determine the extent to which different kinds of motivations predict boys' and girls' mathematical course‐taking through senior high school across Australian and US samples. This has implications for their long‐term careers.