Suchergebnisse

Goal formulation, problem definition, & equity issues are discussed as the bases of finding solutions for the difficult questions attached to the sorts of problems planners must deal with. The general attitude displayed is that the search for scientific bases for confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail because of the nature of the problems. They are seen as "wicked problems," whereas science has been developed to deal with "tame" problems. One of the barriers is that policy problems cannot be definitively described. Moreover, in a pluralistic society, there is nothing like the undisputable public good; there is no objective definition of equity; policies that respond to social problems cannot be meaningfully correct or false; & it makes no sense to talk about "optimal solutions" to social problems unless severe qualifications are imposed first. Worse still, there are no "solutions" in the sense of definitive & objective answers. Modified HA.