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"Ideology and Values in Political Decision Making" published on by Oxford University Press.

This dissertation was written by Christopher Weber during his time as a research assistant at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich. It was handed in at the department of Economics at the LMU Munich in July 2016. The goal of the thesis is to establish the configuration of collateral policy as a tool of central bank policies in pursuit of different objectives, and to present collateral policies in practice, as well as impact and effects of collateral policy. The thesis consists of three parts and nine chapters. The first part discusses the role of collateral in central bank policy. Possible tasks and objectives of central banks are historically deduced in order to then integrate the configuration of collateral policy into the system of objectives. Collateral policy emerges as of relevance towards all central bank objectives. As a result, a normative framework for the role of collateral policy is developed. In the second part, practical collateral policy measures are presented along the lines of this framework. The focus is on the collateral policy of the Eurosystem, which is presented in detail. It has been intensified with respect to several central bank objectives throughout the financial and the European debt crisis. A comparison is made to historical collateral policy measures, as well as the configuration of the collateral frameworks at the Fed, the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan during the recent crisis years. The third part starts with a theoretical foundation of the impact and transmission process of collateral policy within the system of objectives of a central bank. Collateral policy is therefore differentiated into haircut policy and quantity policy and contrasted to classical interest rate policy. The optimal collateral policy with respect to distinct central bank objectives is derived.

This dissertation was written by Christopher Weber during his time as a research assistant at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich. It was handed in at the department of Economics at the LMU Munich in July 2016. The goal of the thesis is to establish the configuration of collateral policy as a tool of central bank policies in pursuit of different objectives, and to present collateral policies in practice, as well as impact and effects of collateral policy. The thesis consists of three parts and nine chapters. The first part discusses the role of collateral in central bank policy. Possible tasks and objectives of central banks are historically deduced in order to then integrate the configuration of collateral policy into the system of objectives. Collateral policy emerges as of relevance towards all central bank objectives. As a result, a normative framework for the role of collateral policy is developed. In the second part, practical collateral policy measures are presented along the lines of this framework. The focus is on the collateral policy of the Eurosystem, which is presented in detail. It has been intensified with respect to several central bank objectives throughout the financial and the European debt crisis. A comparison is made to historical collateral policy measures, as well as the configuration of the collateral frameworks at the Fed, the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan during the recent crisis years. The third part starts with a theoretical foundation of the impact and transmission process of collateral policy within the system of objectives of a central bank. Collateral policy is therefore differentiated into haircut policy and quantity policy and contrasted to classical interest rate policy. The optimal collateral policy with respect to distinct central bank objectives is derived.

There has been a scarcity of work examining the political consequences of discrete emotions. This article examines the political effects of several emotions-anger, sadness, fear, and enthusiasm. Emotional ads should influence whether voters become politically active. To test this, two experiments were administered. The first examines emotional responses to campaign messages; the second tests whether emotions influence political participation. The results indicate anger is mobilizing, by increasing participatory intentions and factors related to participate. This result is then replicated using ad-tracking data. The findings indicate that emotions are an important factor in studying campaign effects. Adapted from the source document.

There has been a scarcity of work examining the political consequences of discrete emotions. This article examines the political effects of several emotions—anger, sadness, fear, and enthusiasm. Emotional ads should influence whether voters become politically active. To test this, two experiments were administered. The first examines emotional responses to campaign messages; the second tests whether emotions influence political participation. The results indicate anger is mobilizing, by increasing participatory intentions and factors related to participate. This result is then replicated using ad-tracking data. The findings indicate that emotions are an important factor in studying campaign effects.

Americans are sorting ideologically: Liberals and conservatives are more likely to respectively identify as Democrats and Republicans. They are sorting socially as well: Partisans like and trust copartisans more than opposing partisans. Existing explanations for these phenomena rely on exogenous factors, such as elite polarization. But exogenous explanations cannot fully explain variation in sorting. We argue that psychological characteristics can help explain the tendency to sort ideologically or socially. Specifically, we investigate an individual's responsiveness to internal values versus normative social pressures as a determinant of sorting. We test this theory with several nationally representative surveys, as well as one survey experiment, and find strong support that an individual's own tendency to respond to social cues, as opposed to ideological values, has important consequences for this process. Our work allows for a better understanding of the psychological factors that promote partisan sorting and for interpreting variation in the degree to which citizens sort into partisan groups.

This dissertation was written by Christopher Weber during his time as a research assistant at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich. It was handed in at the department of Economics at the LMU Munich in July 2016. The goal of the thesis is to establish the configuration of collateral policy as a tool of central bank policies in pursuit of different objectives, and to present collateral policies in practice, as well as impact and effects of collateral policy. The thesis consists of three parts and nine chapters. The first part discusses the role of collateral in central bank policy. Possible tasks and objectives of central banks are historically deduced in order to then integrate the configuration of collateral policy into the system of objectives. Collateral policy emerges as of relevance towards all central bank objectives. As a result, a normative framework for the role of collateral policy is developed. In the second part, practical collateral policy measures are presented along the lines of this framework. The focus is on the collateral policy of the Eurosystem, which is presented in detail. It has been intensified with respect to several central bank objectives throughout the financial and the European debt crisis. A comparison is made to historical collateral policy measures, as well as the configuration of the collateral frameworks at the Fed, the Bank of England and the Bank of Japan during the recent crisis years. The third part starts with a theoretical foundation of the impact and transmission process of collateral policy within the system of objectives of a central bank. Collateral policy is therefore differentiated into haircut policy and quantity policy and contrasted to classical interest rate policy. The optimal collateral policy with respect to distinct central bank objectives is derived.