Suchergebnisse

OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the lowest target level for glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) of amp;lt; 6.5% is associated with lower risk for retinopathy and nephropathy than less tight control in children and adults with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN Population based cohort study. SETTING Swedish National Diabetes Registry, 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2017. PARTICIPANTS 10 398 children and adults with type 1 diabetes followed from diagnosis, or close thereafter, until end of 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relative risk (odds ratios) for retinopathy and nephropathy for different mean levels of HbA(1c). RESULTS Mean age of participants was 14.7 years (43.4% female), mean duration of diabetes was 1.3 years, and mean HbA(1c) level was 8.0% (63.4 mmol/mol). After adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, body mass index, and smoking, the odds ratio for mean HbA(1c) amp;lt; 6.5% (amp;lt; 48 mmol/mol) compared with 6.5-6.9% (48-52 mmol/mol) for any retinopathy (simplex or worse) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.05, P=0.10), for preproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse was 3.29 (0.99 to 10.96, P=0.05), for proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 2.48 (0.71 to 8.62, P=0.15), for microalbuminuria or worse was 0.98 (0.60 to 1.61, P=0.95), and for macroalbuminuria was 2.47 (0.69 to 8.87, P=0.17). Compared with HbA(1c) levels 6.56.9%, HbA(1c) levels 7.0-7.4% (53-57 mmol/mol) were associated with an increased risk of any retinopathy (1.31, 1.05 to 1.64, P=0.02) and microalbuminuria (1.55, 1.03 to 2.32, P=0.03). The risk for proliferative retinopathy (5.98, 2.10 to 17.06, Pamp;lt;0.001) and macroalbuminuria (3.43, 1.14 to 10.26, P=0.03) increased at HbA(1c) levels amp;gt; 8.6% (amp;gt; 70 mmol/mol). The risk for severe hypoglycaemia was increased at mean HbA(1c) amp;lt; 6.5% compared with 6.5-6.9% (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.64, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Risk of retinopathy and nephropathy did not differ at HbA(1c) levels amp;lt; 6.5% but increased for severe hypoglycaemia compared with HbA(1c) levels 6.5-6.9%. The risk for severe complications mainly occurred at HbA(1c) levels amp;gt; 8.6%, but for milder complications was increased at HbA(1c) levels amp;gt; 7.0%. ; Funding Agencies|Swedish government; Novonordisk Foundation

Aims Albuminuria is strongly associated with risk of renal dysfunction, cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, clinical guidelines diverge, and evidence is sparse on what risk factor levels regarding blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI are needed to prevent albuminuria in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Methods A total of 9347 children and adults with type 1 diabetes [mean age 15.3 years and mean diabetes duration 1.4 years at start of follow-up] from The Swedish National Diabetes Registry were followed from first registration until end of 2017. Levels for risk factors for a risk increase in nephropathy were evaluated, and the gradient of risk per 1 SD (standard deviation) was estimated to compare the impact of each risk factor. Results During the follow-up period, 8610 (92.1%) remained normoalbuminuric, 737 (7.9%) individuals developed micro- or macroalbuminuria at any time period of whom 132 (17.9% of 737) individuals developed macroalbuminuria. Blood pressure >= 140/80 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria (p = 1.0 mmol/L (p = 0.039), total cholesterol >= 5.0 mmol/L (p = 0.0003), HDL = 30 kg/m(2) (p = 0.033). HbA1c was the strongest risk factor for any albuminuria estimated by the measure gradient of risk per 1 SD, followed by diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol and LDL. In patients with HbA1c > 65 mmol/mol (> 8.1%), blood pressure > 140/70 mmHg was associated with increased risk of albuminuria. Conclusions Preventing renal complications in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes need avoidance at relatively high levels of blood pressure, blood lipids and BMI, whereas very tight control is not associated with further risk reduction. For patients with long-term poor glycaemic control, stricter blood pressure control is advocated. ; Funding Agencies|University of Gothenburg; Swedish government; Novo Nordisk FoundationNovo Nordisk FoundationNovocure Limited