Suchergebnisse

A Note on some Sanskrit Words in the Japaneese Language

International audience ; Floodplains are characterized by a period of several months when the land is not available for agriculture and large, open areas are used for fisheries. The enclosed part of these flooded areas can be utilized for fish production aside from naturally occurring self recruited species through a community-based management system. Experiences in the Vietnamese and Cambodian Mekong Delta and Ganges Delta in Bangladesh between 2006 and 2009 highlighted the potential of this model and its limitations. Comparative analysis between countries at community and household levels provide indications about enabling and constraining factors affecting the success of this model in a range of factors (governance, economic, social and, environmental/technical) using both qualitative and quantitative data. The analysis shows that the Bangladesh context is more suitable than that of Vietnam and Cambodia to develop such collective action, with a more adapted socio-economic and natural environment. Absence of trust between participants and low capacity to develop collective action were found as important constraints in Vietnam, where individual economic benefit was the main driving factor and possibly the cement of community based action. The study of so called "failures" of technical interventions helped us to understand the different requirements needed to develop Community Based Fish Culture and how such technology can be integrated in other agro-ecosystems and socio-economic environments.

International audience ; Floodplains are characterized by a period of several months when the land is not available for agriculture and large, open areas are used for fisheries. The enclosed part of these flooded areas can be utilized for fish production aside from naturally occurring self recruited species through a community-based management system. Experiences in the Vietnamese and Cambodian Mekong Delta and Ganges Delta in Bangladesh between 2006 and 2009 highlighted the potential of this model and its limitations. Comparative analysis between countries at community and household levels provide indications about enabling and constraining factors affecting the success of this model in a range of factors (governance, economic, social and, environmental/technical) using both qualitative and quantitative data. The analysis shows that the Bangladesh context is more suitable than that of Vietnam and Cambodia to develop such collective action, with a more adapted socio-economic and natural environment. Absence of trust between participants and low capacity to develop collective action were found as important constraints in Vietnam, where individual economic benefit was the main driving factor and possibly the cement of community based action. The study of so called "failures" of technical interventions helped us to understand the different requirements needed to develop Community Based Fish Culture and how such technology can be integrated in other agro-ecosystems and socio-economic environments.

Systematically monitoring regional integration processes is a relatively recent activity, but its potential is quite important. From an academic perspective, it allows us to get a more precise idea of the depth and speed of certain regional integration processes, more clarity on the relative importance of regionalization versus globalization processes (and their interaction), and a better understanding of the meaning and significance of the so-called new regionalism. From a policy-making perspective, a better monitoring has the capacity to make integration policies more development effective and integration processes more transparent, involving higher degrees of participation and legitimacy, and therefore, making the processes more sustainable. In this paper the authors present a critical review of recent proposals and experiences with setting up indicator systems for monitoring regional integration processes in different parts of the world. The review covers both conceptual (academic) proposals as well as indicator systems developed by or for regional organizations such as the European Commission, the European Central Bank, the UN Economic Commission for Africa, ASEAN, COMESA, etc. A systematic comparison of the different indicator systems (covering both technical and political-economy aspects) makes it possible to evaluate their relative qualities and to identify best practices.

Fishers on the move : Changing livelihoods, gendered entanglements and well-being / Ragnhild Lund -- Migration for capital accumulation : Changing class dynamics among small-scale fishers on the Coromandel Coast, Tamil Nadu / Nitya Rao and R. Manimohan -- Adapting to diminishing fish resources in Cambodia : Fisheries on the shoulders of women and migrating adult children in fishing communities / Kyoko Kusakabe and Prak Sereyvath -- Seasonal migration, resource access, contestation and conflict among fishers on the west and east coasts of Sri Lanka / Nadine Vanniasinkam, Mohamed Faslan, and Nireka Weeratunge -- Female headship and exclusion from small-scale fishing in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka / Ragnhild Lund and Fazeeha Azmi -- To migrate or not : Social well-being and gendered household decision-making in fishing communities on the west and east coasts of Sri Lanka / Nireka Weeratunge, Ramani Gunatilaka, Nadine Vanniasinkam, Mohamed Faslan, Dilanthi Koralagama, and Nirmi Vitarana -- Fishing in distant waters : Issues of identity and well-being amongst migrant fishers on the west coast of Tamil Nadu / Nitya Rao and C.M. Pratheepa -- Immobility of ethnic Vietnamese fishers and their adaptation strategy in Chhnok Tru village, Chhnok Tru Commune, Cambodia / Raksa Sok and Kyoko Kusakabe -- Mobility in contexts of precarity : Kin solidarity and migrant networks among small-scale fishers in coastal Tamil Nadu / Nitya Rao, R. Manimohan and C.M. Pratheepa -- Mobilizing for and against migration : Gendered networks, cooperation and collective action in fishing communities on the west and east coasts of Sri Lanka / Nirmi Vitarana, Dilanthi Koralagama, Nireka Weeratunge, and Ramani Gunatilaka -- Gender and power struggle in community fisheries in Cambodia : Creating space for women's leadership / Kyoko Kusakabe, Prak Sereyvath, Lam Doeurn, and Yem Sivon -- Livelihoods, migration and mobility : The distribution of consumption expenditure in fishing communities in Cambodia, India and Sri Lanka / Ramani Gunatilaka -- Small-scale fishers, mobility, and the politics of well-being in rapidly changing Asia / Ragnhild Lund.

The Asia-Pacific's Coral Triangle is defined by its extremely high marine biodiversity. Over one hundred million people living in its coastal zones use this biodiversity to support their livelihoods. Hundreds of millions more derive nutritious food directly from the region′s marine resources and through local, regional and global trade. Biodiversity and its values to society are threatened by demographic and habitat change, rising demand, intensive harvesting and climate change. In partnership with international conservation organisations and development funders, the governments of the region′s six countries have come together to develop the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security. The CTI has explicit goals and defined targets for marine biodiversity conservation, but not for the food security of the region′s marine-resource dependent people, despite this being the wider aim used to justify conservation action. This article suggests how the food security aim of the CTI could be made more explicit. It outlines the complex pathways linking marine biodiversity with food security and argues that improved social science analysis, inter-sectoral policy and management interactions are necessary if conserving marine biodiversity is to contribute towards meeting food security challenges in the region.

The Asia-Pacific's Coral Triangle is defined by its extremely high marine biodiversity. Over one hundred million people living in its coastal zones use this biodiversity to support their livelihoods. Hundreds of millions more derive nutritious food directly from the region′s marine resources and through local, regional and global trade. Biodiversity and its values to society are threatened by demographic and habitat change, rising demand, intensive harvesting and climate change. In partnership with international conservation organisations and development funders, the governments of the region′s six countries have come together to develop the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security. The CTI has explicit goals and defined targets for marine biodiversity conservation, but not for the food security of the region′s marine-resource dependent people, despite this being the wider aim used to justify conservation action. This article suggests how the food security aim of the CTI could be made more explicit. It outlines the complex pathways linking marine biodiversity with food security and argues that improved social science analysis, inter-sectoral policy and management interactions are necessary if conserving marine biodiversity is to contribute towards meeting food security challenges in the region.