Suchergebnisse

Assessing Traditional and Non-traditional Data Collection Methods to Study Online Phenomena -- Ethical and Methodological Issues in Gang Ethnography in the Digital Age: Lessons from Four Studies in an Emerging Field -- Researching Transnational Gangs as Agents of Mediationin the Digital Era -- Women and gangs in the digital media: a distorted image? -- The Role of Online Communication Among Gang and Non-Gang Youth -- Examining the Physical Manifestation of Alt-Right Gangs: From Online Trolling to Street Fighting -- Youth Perspectives on Gangs, Violence, and Social Media in a High Crime City -- Leaving gangs – failed brotherhood and reconstructed masculinities -- Anger with love. How professionals get through to high-risk youth in troublesome groups -- New meanings, new communities and new identities? Former biker gang members involved in public sharing of life experiences -- The Role of Religion and Spirituality in Disengagement from Gangs -- Misconduct among Incarcerated Gang and Non-Gang Youth: the Role of Structured and Unstructured Activities -- Understanding Adverse Effects in Gang-Focused Interventions: A Critical Review -- Moral Disengagement and Gangs.

The relationship between unstructured socializing (peer‐oriented activity without supervision) and adolescent delinquency is widely established and recognized, but less is known about why this relationship exists. The present study integrates the unstructured socializing perspective with insights from social learning theory and other theoretical perspectives on peer influence and empirically investigates four possible explanatory processes. The study applies time diary data to operationalize accurately the concept of unstructured socializing and survey data to capture mediating variables and self‐reported delinquency (a general frequency measure of various offenses, as well as specified measures for violence, theft, and vandalism). Data were collected longitudinally with two waves of surveys and space–time budget interviews among 610 adolescents (11 to 20 years of age). A multilevel‐path model was estimated to analyze within‐individual changes over time. The findings indicate that three of the four proposed explanatory processes contribute to the explanation of the relationship between unstructured socializing and delinquency.

The co-evolution of friendship relations and delinquent behaviour among Dutch adolescents .This article focuses on two research questions. To what degree is similarity in delinquent behaviour among Dutch secondary school students explained by selection and influence processes? And
to what extent is the effect of friends' delinquency on adolescents' delinquency level moderated by characteristics of the friendship relation? Hypotheses were drawn from Sutherland's Differential Association Theory, its extension by Burgess and Akers, and Hirschi's
Social Control Theory. The hypotheses were tested with longitudinal social network data, using the recently developed software program 'Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis' (SIENA). The network data were gathered among lower educated students of twelve secondary
schools in the Dutch province of South Holland during a three-year period. The analyses suggest that adolescents tend to adjust their behaviour to the delinquency level of their peers (influence process), and tend to be friends with others who have a similar level of delinquency (selection
process). Further, the results indicate that attachment to friends, time spent with friends and social pressure of friends do not affect the influence of peers on adolescents' delinquency level.

1. Employment, education and crime : a complex field of research / Frank Weerman. [et al.] -- 2. The development of delinquency in adolescence : employment, gender, SES and ethnicity / Britta Ruschoff. [et al.] -- 3. The relationship between school performance, delinquency and early school-leaving / Tanja Traag, Olivier Marie and Rolf van der Velden -- 4. School, work and delinquency among older adolescents: exploring the consequences of different tracks in education and employment after secondary school / Frank Weerman -- 5. School, intensive work, excessive alcohol use and delinquency during emerging adulthood / Arjan Blokland -- 6. Pathways to adulthood and the relation between employment, education and criminal behaviour : a latent class analysis / Hanneke Palmen. [et al.] -- 7. Educational level, employment, financial support and crime: a longitudinal study of disadvantaged youths / Janna Verbruggen, Victor van der Geest and Arjan Blokland -- 8. The effect of unemployment on crime in high-risk families in the Netherlands between 1920 and 2005 / Geert Mesters, Catrien Bijleveld and Doreen Huschek -- 9. Conclusion and discussion: main insights and remaining questions / Frank Weerman and Catrien Bijleveld.

This volume focuses on the complex relation between offending and the transition from school to the workplace: how employment and education are related to breaking the law and getting in contact with the criminal justice system. The contributors report results from several large scale and sophisticated studies conducted in the Netherlands that gathered rich data on employment, education and criminal behaviour. Each of the studies focuses on a particular period during the life course and particular risk categories. Taken together, they contribute to our understanding of how getting ou.

AbstractSince the early 1990s, increasing attention is being paid to the impact of life course transitions on criminal behavior. However, individuals' life courses do not evolve in a vacuum but rather in the broad context of societal characteristics and developments. In this paper, we analyze whether there is an effect of macroeconomic circumstances on individuals' criminal careers and whether this effect is conditional on marital status and parenthood. We employ micro-level data from a Dutch large-scale longitudinal study and enrich these with macro-level data. Using logistic panel data models for criminal behavior, we distinguish three types of effects: the macro-effect of experiencing declining economic times, the micro-effect of family composition and the interaction effect, indicating whether the effect of economic decline is differentiated by marital status and parenthood. We quantify economic decline either as an increase in the unemployment rate (objective and backward-looking measure) or as a decrease in consumer confidence (subjective and forward-looking). First, we find that an increase in the unemployment rate has no effect on criminal careers, but a decrease in the consumer confidence is associated with an increase in individual-level crime. Next, we confirm earlier results that marriage has a negative effect on crime, while parenthood has no effect. Finally, our results indicate that the detrimental effect of decreasing consumer confidence on criminal behavior is nullified for married individuals.

This study examined all group sexual offending cases in the Netherlands between 1995 and 2009 ( n = 26) in which at least one juvenile female offender ( n = 35) had been adjudicated. Information from court files showed that the majority of juvenile female group sexual offenders have (inter)personal problems and (sexual) abuse experiences. The aims of the offender groups in committing the offense could be categorized in three themes: harassing the victim, sexual gratification, and taking revenge. The reasons why juvenile female offenders participated in a group could be categorized into group dynamics versus instrumental reasons. The findings are contrasted with findings on juvenile male group sexual offenders. Implications of the findings for research and treatment are discussed.

"In dit rapport wordt verslag gedaan van een evaluatieonderzoek naar de landelijke Pilot met een nieuwe werkwijze voor de politiereprimande. Die nieuwe werkwijze is erop gericht om minderjarige first offenders van een licht strafbaar feit na een aanhouding op heterdaad niet langer standaard over te brengen naar het politiebureau, maar om op locatie telefonisch contact te leggen met de hulpofficier van justitie om te beoordelen of kan worden volstaan met een reprimandegesprek door de politie.De doelen van deze werkwijze zijn om een nodeloos gejuridificeerd proces met insluiting op het politiebureau te voorkomen, om het strafbare feit op een proportionele en pedagogische wijze af te kunnen handelen buiten het strafrecht om en om met de politiereprimande te voorzien in een passende en effectieve reactie ter voorkoming van recidive. Tot slot moet met een helder kader voor een landelijk eenduidige werkwijze rechtsongelijkheid worden voorkomen.In dit rapport worden de opzet, uitvoering en het doelbereik van de pilot geëvalueerd door analyses van cijfermatige gegevens, van politiemutaties en van ervaringen met de reprimande in de politiepraktijk. In aansluiting daarop is internationaal vergelijkend literatuuronderzoek gedaan naar de vormgeving van de reprimande en vergelijkbare reacties in België, Duitsland, Frankrijk, Zwitserland, Engeland, Wales, Schotland, Ierland, Canada, Australië en de Verenigde Staten en naar wat er bekend is uit studies naar de effectiviteit daarvan. Tevens is aandacht besteed aan de gevolgen van de 'Salduz'-jurisprudentie voor jeugdstrafzaken en hoe buurlanden als België en Duitsland hiermee om zijn gegaan.De minister voor Rechtsbescherming schreef in zijn beleidsreactie dat de uitgebreide analyse een goede basis biedt voor de doorontwikkeling van de reprimande als waardevol onderdeel van het interventiepalet in het (jeugd)strafrecht."--