Suchergebnisse

Abstract. A tsunami caused by a flank collapse of the southwest part of the Anak Krakatau volcano occurred on 22 December 2018. The tsunami affected the coastal areas located at the edge of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. To gain an understanding of the tsunami event, field surveys were conducted a month after the incident. The surveys included measurements of run-up height, inundation distance, tsunami direction, and sediment characteristics at 20 selected sites. The survey results revealed that the run-up height reached 9.2 m in Tanjungjaya and an inundation distance of 286.8 m was found at
Cagar Alam, part of Ujung Kulon National Park. The tsunami propagated
radially from Anak Krakatau and reached the coastal zone with a direction
between 25 and 350∘ from the north. Sediment samples were collected at 27 points in tsunami deposits with a sediment thickness of 1.5–12.7 cm. The average distance from the coast of the area with significant sediment deposits and the deposit limit are 45 % and 73 % of the inundation distance, respectively. Sand sheets were sporadic, highly variable, and highly influenced by topography. Grain sizes in the deposit area were finer than those at their sources. The sizes ranged from fine sand to boulders, with medium sand and coarse sand being dominant. All sediment samples had a well-sorted distribution. An assessment of the boulder movements indicates that the tsunami run-up had minimum velocities of 4.0–4.5 m s−1.

AbstractFlow measurements in a tidal‐affected river provide important information of cyclic flow pattern characteristics in temporal and spatial variations. Reliability and accuracy of measured flow data can provide for numerical model calibration and verification. In the present study, we measured tidally affected river flow in the Danshui River of northern Taiwan during the 2008 summer and fall. The measured flow data, produced by both state of the art and conventional instruments including particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP), horizontal acoustic Doppler current profiler (H‐ADCP) and Price‐type current metre (PCM) were compared and correlated during several tidal cycles. The mean flows by ADP were similar to that by PCM and highly correlated with those by PTV and H‐ADCP. Index velocity rating between ADP and H‐ADCP separately computed during the flood and ebb tides shows good correlation for the ebb tide and poor correlation for the flood tide due to subsurface maximum velocity in the middle‐ to near‐bottom layers.

Military training is intense, difficult and often dangerous, so all kinds of injuries or diseases frequently occur during training. Most of the previous studies and reviews on military training-related injuries focused on musculoskeletal system, whereas there are no reviews of abdominal injuries and diseases. Although the incidence of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases is relatively low, the patients' condition is often critical especially in the presence of abdominal organ injury, leading to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and even death. This paper elaborates on common types of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases as well as the prevention and treatment measures, which provides some basis for scientific and reasonable training and improvement of medical security.