Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The issue of inconsistency in international investment arbitration has become more evident with the proliferation of investment disputes. This article analyzes the value as well as the desired extent of consistency and coherence for investment arbitration, and further proposes a new test that would enhance consistency and foster the development of investment law. By matching the current status of investment arbitration with three identified conditions for the application of stare decisis or jurisprudence constante, this article concludes that strictly applying the doctrines to achieve consistency is neither feasible nor favorable for the investment arbitration regime. Further, while the public nature of this dispute-resolution mechanism requires consistency and coherence, existing attempts and approaches in this regard have significant limitations. As such, this article proposes a soft precedents test to reach a balance between consistency and flexibility. The test requires the tribunals to consider previous cases in good faith when facing the same or similar issues discussed therein, and the core consideration in whether to agree with previous cases is to develop international investment law. It is suggested that this proposed test would help to clarify, enrich and develop the content of the law within the investment arbitration community.

As the building ages, the wall structure may become deteriorated (e.g., wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion) due to the variation of the environment (i.e., temperature and humidity). Moreover, these wall cracks, discontinuities, and corrosion will affect the living comfort and coziness. As such, the wall health diagnostic becomes crucial for the safety and comfort of modern buildings. However, the existing wall health detection techniques (e.g., UWB radars, acoustic sensing, and sensor embedding techniques) are high-cost, not ubiquitous, and not robust to the variation of the environment.

In this article, we propose
VibWall
, a system that can use the smartphone's sensors (i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope, and vibrator) to detect the wall's structural health. Specifically, the wall cracks can be detected for living safety, comfort, and coziness. Our key idea is that the smartphone's vibration is absorbed, reflected, and propagated disparately based on the physical structure of the wall. To be specific, we employ a novel challenge-response scheme, where the challenge is a sequence of heterogeneous vibration patterns from the smartphone's vibrator, and the responses to these vibrations are sensed by the smartphone's gyroscope and accelerometer sensors. Then, the machine learning-based classifier (e.g., random forest classifier) will be used to discriminate between the healthy wall and the wall with cracks, discontinuities, or corrosion based on these responses. Our experimental results show good performance on the wall's structural health detection with the wall specimen and real-world walls.

Taboos and self-censorship : Sexuality, violence and political correctness in Zhang Yimou's filmsIn a movie, sex, violence, and political correctness are often taboos. These taboos need to be handled with caution. Although the film grading system in Western countries has been established, those legislators still use cessation as an excuse to control the film in order to protect the minors. Moreover, as far as the People's Republic of China is concerned, as one of the few remaining authoritarian regimes in the 21st century, the Communist regime has absolute arbitrary control over artistic creation. Therefore, these taboos, especially political correctness, are not allowed to touch. The ubiquitous review is often accompanied by the entire process of film production, which involves conception, script-writing, filming, and distribution, prompting the director to constantly self-censorize the film and television creationg process.As the leader of the contemporary Chinese film, Zhang Yimou is almost a legendary symbol, he witnessed the development of Chinese film. And his rich works, both in quantity and diversity, are undoubtedly the perfect research subject. Most of his works are derived from the adaptation of literature to film. The two different expression modes of literature and film, one is the textual expression, and the other is the audiovisual presentation, which forms a sharp contrast. The contrast helps us to study how to present sexuality, violence, and political correctness on the screen, as well as the director's self-censorship during film-making.Our research focuses on analyzing that how Zhang Yimou is handling of thses taboos in the film-making process, thus avoiding the review of those in power. This paper mainly cuts into three latitudes: Firstly, for the study of film censorship, the study of its history, legal rules and articles. Secondly, the analysis of Zhang Yimou's TV interviews and the descriptions of his collaborators, and finally a detailed and indepth analysis of Zhang Yimou's works. ; Les ...

Taboos and self-censorship : Sexuality, violence and political correctness in Zhang Yimou's filmsIn a movie, sex, violence, and political correctness are often taboos. These taboos need to be handled with caution. Although the film grading system in Western countries has been established, those legislators still use cessation as an excuse to control the film in order to protect the minors. Moreover, as far as the People's Republic of China is concerned, as one of the few remaining authoritarian regimes in the 21st century, the Communist regime has absolute arbitrary control over artistic creation. Therefore, these taboos, especially political correctness, are not allowed to touch. The ubiquitous review is often accompanied by the entire process of film production, which involves conception, script-writing, filming, and distribution, prompting the director to constantly self-censorize the film and television creationg process.As the leader of the contemporary Chinese film, Zhang Yimou is almost a legendary symbol, he witnessed the development of Chinese film. And his rich works, both in quantity and diversity, are undoubtedly the perfect research subject. Most of his works are derived from the adaptation of literature to film. The two different expression modes of literature and film, one is the textual expression, and the other is the audiovisual presentation, which forms a sharp contrast. The contrast helps us to study how to present sexuality, violence, and political correctness on the screen, as well as the director's self-censorship during film-making.Our research focuses on analyzing that how Zhang Yimou is handling of thses taboos in the film-making process, thus avoiding the review of those in power. This paper mainly cuts into three latitudes: Firstly, for the study of film censorship, the study of its history, legal rules and articles. Secondly, the analysis of Zhang Yimou's TV interviews and the descriptions of his collaborators, and finally a detailed and indepth analysis of Zhang Yimou's works. ; Les ...

Taboos and self-censorship : Sexuality, violence and political correctness in Zhang Yimou's filmsIn a movie, sex, violence, and political correctness are often taboos. These taboos need to be handled with caution. Although the film grading system in Western countries has been established, those legislators still use cessation as an excuse to control the film in order to protect the minors. Moreover, as far as the People's Republic of China is concerned, as one of the few remaining authoritarian regimes in the 21st century, the Communist regime has absolute arbitrary control over artistic creation. Therefore, these taboos, especially political correctness, are not allowed to touch. The ubiquitous review is often accompanied by the entire process of film production, which involves conception, script-writing, filming, and distribution, prompting the director to constantly self-censorize the film and television creationg process.As the leader of the contemporary Chinese film, Zhang Yimou is almost a legendary symbol, he witnessed the development of Chinese film. And his rich works, both in quantity and diversity, are undoubtedly the perfect research subject. Most of his works are derived from the adaptation of literature to film. The two different expression modes of literature and film, one is the textual expression, and the other is the audiovisual presentation, which forms a sharp contrast. The contrast helps us to study how to present sexuality, violence, and political correctness on the screen, as well as the director's self-censorship during film-making.Our research focuses on analyzing that how Zhang Yimou is handling of thses taboos in the film-making process, thus avoiding the review of those in power. This paper mainly cuts into three latitudes: Firstly, for the study of film censorship, the study of its history, legal rules and articles. Secondly, the analysis of Zhang Yimou's TV interviews and the descriptions of his collaborators, and finally a detailed and indepth analysis of Zhang Yimou's works. ; Les ...

Abstract

Abstract
This paper explores the productivity differential between return migrants ("Sea Turtles") and non-migrants through a case study of China's venture capital (VC) industry. I find that even after correcting for selection bias, return venture capitalists are less productive than comparable non-migrants in targeting promising projects and/or providing value-added services. Given that the VC industry is a useful laboratory in which to look at the performance of return migrants and China's economic development, I discuss why the presumably better human capital accumulated overseas does not translate into productivity in the Chinese market, and how related policies could reverse this situation in the long run.


JEL Codes
F22, G24, O15

In the context of new industrialization, the energy problem being experienced by the manufacturing industry has aroused social concerns. This paper focuses on the energy use of 27 subindustries in China's manufacturing industry and it develops an energy consumption index for 1994–2015. Subsequently, the method of grey relational analysis is used, with the full period divided according to years in which change points occur. The empirical analysis indicates that the energy consumption indexes generally exhibit a declining trend. Using the grey model (GM (1,1)) to forecast the index indicates a continued downward trend up to 2025 for energy-intensive industries, which is a more optimistic scenario than the trend forecast for the whole manufacturing sector. Thus, these energy-intensive industries do not drag down the performance of the whole manufacturing industry in regard to energy intensity. In future, more attention should be paid to energy-saving efforts by nontraditional high-energy-consuming industries. Although the results show that energy efficiency is improving in China, total annual consumption is rising rapidly. Therefore, the industry needs to continue to strengthen independent innovation and improve the efficiency of new energy use. The Chinese government should formulate feasible long-term plans to encourage enterprises to save energy.