Suchergebnisse

Die ausländischen Banken in Rußland stellen ein wesentliches Moment bei der Etablierung der Marktwirtschaft dar. Im einzelnen untersucht der Verfasser die Rolle der ausländischen Banken bei der Ausrichtung Rußlands auf den westlichen Markt sowie ihren Einfluß bei der Entwicklung der russischen Finanzmärkte und des Bankensystems dort. Skizziert wird ferner, wie relativ unbeschadet die ausländischen Banken die Augustkrise 1998 überstanden und entsprechende Stabilität bewiesen haben. Dennoch wird in der nächsten Zeit auf russischem Territorium keine wesentliche Ausweitung der Banken mit ausländischem Kapital mehr zu erwarten sein. In diesem Zusammenhang sind abschließend die Probleme im russischen Bankenwesen aufgeführt, mit denen man sich auseinanderzusetzen hat. (BIOst-Rgl)

We investigate how trade liberalisation affects the performance of Chinese manufacturing firms. To better understand China's role in global value chains, we examine Chinese firms with a significant import share from Indonesia, one of its largest processing source countries. We find that Chinese firms with a greater import share from Indonesia perform better in productivity, export, and sales, and they are more likely to engage in processing exports. Moreover, the impact of foreign trade liberalisation on China's export scope is more pronounced for firms with a larger import share from Indonesia because of their greater extent of engagement in global value chains.

Chapter 1. Processing Trade, Trade Liberalisation, and Opening Up: China's Miracle of International Trade -- Chapter 2. Import, Firm Productivity, and Product Complexity -- Chapter 3. Trade Liberalization, Product Complexity, and Productivity Improvement: Evidence from Chinese Firms. - Chapter 4. Processing Trade, Export Intensity, and Input Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Chinese Firms -- Chapter 5. Processing Trade, Tariff Reductions, and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Firms -- Chapter 6. Firm R&D, Processing Trade and Input Trade Liberalisation: Evidence from Chinese Firms -- Chapter 7. Input Trade Liberalization and Import Switching -- Chapter 8. Trade Liberalisation and Chinese Exports: Sourcing from the South -- Chapter 9. Measured Skill Premia and Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Chinese Firms -- Chapter 10. All-Around Trade Liberalization and Firm-Level Employment: Theory and Evidence from China.

The Exceptional Performance of Chinese Outward Direct Investment Firms -- Firm Productivity and Outbound Foreign Direct Investment: A Firm-Level Empirical Investigation of China -- Distribution, Outward FDI, and Productivity Heterogeneity: China and Cross-Countries' Evidence -- Outward FDI and Domestic Input Distortions: Evidence from Chinese Firms -- Does Outward FDI Generate Higher Productivity for Emerging Economy MNEs? – Micro-Level Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms -- .

This book focuses on China's fast-growing outward foreign direct investment (ODI) and discusses the underlying causes and profound effects of Chinese enterprises "going global." The book includes eight chapters to analyze the basic characteristics of China's ODI manufacturing enterprises, examine the relationship between enterprise productivity and ODI, investigate the differences between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in factor market, enterprise ownership and investment, analyze the overall effect of the foreign direct investment (FDI) and thereby the ChinaUS bilateral investment treaties (BIT) on Chinese manufacturing sector in terms of productivity and profitability of the firms. The last chapter provides an overview of Chinas three stages of economic reform and opening-up policy in the past four decades, and analyzes the reasons for Chinas realization of the splendid economic achievements within such a short time and the main driving forces of Chinas incremental international trade in different stages, and discusses the future tasks that would promote the country into a new stage of all-round opening-up. The book aims to illustrate the evolution of Chinas opening-up design during the past decades and discuss several most important measures to build an all-around opening-up strategy. Based on these profound analyses, the book provides further policy implication for the sustainable development of Chinas opening-up.

Background Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are substances widely and diversely existing in our environments and industrial products made with complex mixtures. EDCs have long biological half-lives and were accumulated in the organism and produce toxic or negative effects in several physiological processes, including reproductive system and endometriosis. Endometriosis has a prevalence of 6-10% in the world and has an increasing trend. It increases the social-economic burden, seriously decreases the female quality of life, and probably increases the risk of infertility. Some studies have explored the associations between the EDCs and risk of endometriosis, but without conclusive result. The study investigated the association between some endocrine disrupting chemicals and endometriosis from existing studies in the literature. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize the eligible case-control and cohort studies reporting the associations between EDC exposure and endometriosis. The meta-analysis was conducted following the MOOSE guide-lines for Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Observational Studies. The processes of identification on eligible studies were performed. The author searched the Pubmed and Ovid Embase Classic using searching term in all field for publications of epidemiological studies; independent quality assessments were underwent in all included studies by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). I^2-statistics was calculated as the estimate of heterogeneity of the pooled effect estimates, funnel plot was used to assess the publication bias; the generic inverse of variance method for random models was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the heterogeneity source in pooled effects estimate. Results 14 eligible studies were identified. The meta-analysis showed that some EDCs such as total PCBs, PCB-118 and PCB-153 had significant associations with risks of endometriosis, increasing the risk of endometriosis by 106%, 72% and 128% respectively based on the current combined data; p'p'-DDE, PCB-138,PCB-156, PCB-170, PCB-180, MEP, MEHP, MBzP and HCB had insignificant associations with risks of endometriosis. No major publication bias was observed in this review. The sensitivity analysis showed study design may be one of the sources of heterogeneity for PCB-118 and PCB-153. Conclusion Due to the limited number of included studies and moderate heterogeneity in included studies, further epidemiology research may explore the association between EDCs and endometriosis among nulliparity women who don't have infertility and other estrogen-dependent disorders. Furthermore, except single PCB congeners, total PCBs is an important marker to evaluate the complex toxic association of PCBs on endometriosis. Steps to reduce environmental EDCs exposure and promote legislation or monitoring of toxic EDCs safety limits should be initiated to protect women from risk of endometriosis as earlier as it could. ; published_or_final_version ; Public Health ; Master ; Master of Public Health