Suchergebnisse

Despite known positive effects for breastfed children and their mothers, only one third of children under four months of age are breastfed exclusively. In addition, an overview of structures, actors, and measures to promote breastfeeding in Germany is missing. In a two-year international research project entitled Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly (BBF), the current status of German breastfeeding support is systematically evaluated on the basis of the Breastfeeding Gear Model (BFGM) which was developed by the Yale School of Public Health. Therefore, committee members with expertise in the healthcare sector, science, policy, and communication evaluate 54 benchmarks of the eight relevant gears: advocacy, political will, legislation & policies, funding & resources, training & program delivery, promotion, research & evaluation, coordination, and goals & monitoring. Based on the identified strengths and needs, concrete calls to action for scaling up breastfeeding promotion are derived and prioritized. BBF started in September 2017 and is conducted in cooperation with the Yale School of Public Health by the Healthy Start - Young Family Network as well as the National Breastfeeding Committee as an initiative of the Federal Ministry of Nutrition and Agriculture. The project assesses the framework conditions for breastfeeding and thus makes a valuable contribution to the health promotion of mother and child and to breastfeeding protection in Germany. ; Trotz bekannter positiver Auswirkungen für gestillte Kinder und ihre Mütter wird nur etwa jeder dritte Säugling in Deutschland im Alter von vier Monaten ausschließlich gestillt. Es besteht zudem kaum ein Überblick über Strukturen, Akteure und Maßnahmen zur Stillförderung in Deutschland. In einem zweijährigen internationalen Forschungsprojekt mit dem Titel "Becoming Breastfeeding Friendly" (BBF) werden stillförderliche und -hinderliche Faktoren auf Grundlage des von der Yale School of Public Health entwickelten Breastfeeding Gear Model (BFGM) systematisch erfasst. Dazu bewerten Experten aus den Fachgesellschaften der relevanten Gesundheitsberufe, Wissenschaft, Politik und Kommunikation 54 Prüfkriterien (Benchmarks) in den acht Handlungsfeldern: Anwaltschaft, politischer Wille, Gesetzgebung, Finanzierung, Bildung, Werbung, Forschung & Evaluation, Zielsetzung & Koordination. Das Ergebnis ist Grundlage, um gezielt effiziente und nachhaltige Maßnahmen zur Stillförderung zu planen und zu begleiten. Durch die Identifizierung von Stärken und Handlungsbedarfen können konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen ("calls to action") zur Stillförderung abgeleitet und priorisiert werden. Das im September 2017 gestartete Forschungsprojekt wird auf Initiative des Bundesministeriums für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) vom Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben und der Nationalen Stillkommission am Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) gemeinsam mit der Yale School of Public Health durchgeführt. Es untersucht die Rahmenbedingungen für das Stillen und liefert damit einen wertvollen Beitrag zur Gesundheitsförderung von Mutter und Kind und zum Stillschutz in Deutschland.

BACKGROUND: Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death. METHODS: We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the EPIC prospective cohort study, aged between 40 and 70 years at the time of recruitment. Flexible parametric survival models were used to model risk of death conditional on risk factors, and survival functions and attributable fractions (AF) for deaths prior to age 70 years were calculated based on the fitted models. RESULTS: We identified 11,930 deaths which occurred before the age of 70. The AF for premature mortality for smoking was 31 % (95 % confidence interval (CI), 31–32 %) and 14 % (95 % CI, 12–16 %) for poor diet. Important contributions were also observed for overweight and obesity measured by waist-hip ratio (10 %; 95 % CI, 8–12 %) and high blood pressure (9 %; 95 % CI, 7–11 %). AFs for physical inactivity and excessive alcohol intake were 7 % and 4 %, respectively. Collectively, the AF for all six risk factors was 57 % (95 % CI, 55–59 %), being 35 % (95 % CI, 32–37 %) among never smokers and 74 % (95 % CI, 73–75 %) among current smokers. CONCLUSIONS: While smoking remains the predominant risk factor for premature death in Europe, poor diet, overweight and obesity, hypertension, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute substantially. Any attempt to minimise premature deaths will ultimately require all six factors to be addressed. ; This work was supported by the French Social Affairs & Health Ministry, Department of Health (Direction Générale de la Santé). The work undertaken by David C Muller for this project was performed during the tenure of an IARC-Australia fellowship supported by Cancer Council Australia. Elio Riboli was supported by the Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre funded by the National Institute of Health Research of UK. The coordination of EPIC is financially supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark); Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France); Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany); the Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece); Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro-AIRC-Italy and National Research Council (Italy); Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway); Health Research Fund (FIS), PI13/00061 to Granada, Regional Governments of Andalucía, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia (no. 6236) and Navarra, ISCIII RETIC (RD06/0020) (Spain); Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and County Councils of Skåne and Västerbotten (Sweden); Cancer Research UK (14136 to EPIC-Norfolk; C570/A16491 to EPIC-Oxford), Medical Research Council (1000143 to EPIC-Norfolk) (United Kingdom).