Suchergebnisse

Résumé

Trans-national Firms, the Problems of International Economic Cooperation and the Present-day Imbalance in International Exchange and Payments.
A recapitulation is made of the conditions of exchange in Western countries during and after grave crises or world events (confirmed by History and covering much of the 20th Century). In periods of economic growth, markets have tended toward freer trade but the author emphasizes that these situations have often been at variance with traditional models of free exchange. He considers that from the point of view of the interplay of international négociations and the possibilities for simple cooperation, there is not at the outset, as great a distance between the real conditions of exchange, as far as structures are concerned, as there is when there is a confrontation between ideal types.
First he analyses the process of internationalization and trans-national integration in the Western countries, as well as the change in the character of the international expansion of capital, which is more and more removed from the schémas of the early 20th Century with regard to the major flows of investments (the adjustment between financial and real flow). It is not only necessary to take into account the importance of industrial cooperation, as it is practiced in relations with the East, but also and above all, the modes of intervention and impulsion or the necessary controls, real situations (Sj and S2) and not ideal {S*x and S*2). Would it not be possible to avoid the much feared stalemate through large-scale "multilateralization" which would call for the necessary development of exchanges of all the partners with the others and with the Third World (not to be carried on, however, in a block)?
Despite the conjectures over the danger of any "frictional contacts" or the aggravation of the crisis of capitalism, the question arises as to the compatibility between the respective demands of the firms and the states concerning indebtedness, the foreseeable conditions of ebb and flow, and the malleability of the planning tradition, of its objectives and extrapolations, that is, of the classic division of the two great sectors, etc. The restructuration of exchanges by groups of products as well as the "multilateralization" by groups of countries must be envisaged, so that national preferences in structure (which must be respected) do nos bring about new stalemates to the development of East-West exchanges, already so difficult to achieve.