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World Affairs Online
Großaufträge des Ostens an die österreichische Industrie 1975-1986
In: Forschungsberichte 139
Employment developments in Central and Eastern Europe: trends and explanations
In: WIIW research reports, 332
World Affairs Online
Transition in the MENA region: challenges, opportunities and prospects
In: Research reports 376
Literaturverz. S. 60 - 64
Türkische Wirtschaft: Aufstieg mit Achillesferse
In: Europäische Rundschau: Vierteljahreszeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Zeitgeschichte, Band 33, Heft 2, S. 105-117
ISSN: 0304-2782
World Affairs Online
Western Balkan countries: adjustment capacitiy to external shocks, with a focus on labour markets
In: Research reports 352
Literaturverz. S. 115 - 122
Western Balkans: employment in the gas and electricity sectors
In: Research reports 370
Developing efficient activation approaches and identifying elements for regional cooperation in the Western Balkans
In: Research reports 374
Fasting or feasting?: Europe - old and new - at the crossroads
In: WIIW current analyses and forecasts 10
How do economies in EU-CEE cope with labour shortages?
The EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe (EU-CEE) were experiencing rising labour shortages prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and ongoing demographic decline means that the issue is likely to resurface once the pandemic is over. As a result, the bargaining power of labour has increased, wages have been generally rising ahead of labour productivity, and industrial action (strikes) - the level of which has remained low in recent decades - has emerged in some instances. In the face of labour and skill shortages, people have been investing in education. The share of employees with tertiary education has increased and vocational training has gained in importance, although active labour market policies have been used only selectively. Employers have increasingly been investing in fixed assets, especially in manufacturing, and the degree of robotisation has risen strongly. Despite domestic concerns that automation would generate massive job losses, our findings suggest that capital deepening has taken place faster where labour was in higher demand. Thus, labour was not substituted with capital, but rather the complementary effect prevailed. Employment actually increased in EU-CEE over the past two decades. Employers could hire not only the formerly unemployed, but also the formerly inactive, and used the relaxed immigration policies to attract foreign workers, especially from Ukraine and the Western Balkan countries. Czechia, Hungary, Slovenia and Slovakia have become net receivers of migrants, while in Bulgaria and Poland immigration largely compensates for the natives who go abroad. However, immigration from non-European countries as a general solution to the problem of labour shortages in EU-CEE is highly problematic in the current domestic political context. Overall, both our findings for the EU-CEE region over recent years and the experience of Western Europe during the 'golden age' (1950-1973) suggest that labour shortages are not in themselves an obstacle to rapid structural change and income growth. However, for such an economic model to be sustainable, more active government policies will be needed, such as greater public investment in education and training, higher minimum wages in order to encourage automation, and more extensive welfare networks in order to deal with the possible negative short-run side-effects of automation.
BASE
Moving into the slow lane: economic analysis and outlook for Central, East and Southeast Europe : forecast report
In: Forecast report Spring 2019
Riding the global growth wave: economic analysis and outlook for Central, East and Southeast Europe : forecast report
In: Forecast report Spring 2018
Strong growth amid increased negative risks: economic analysis and outlook for Central, East and Southeast Europe : wiiw forecast report autumn 2018
In: Forecast report Autumn 2018