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This illuminating book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe in three phases: a manpower revolution during the 1960s and 1970s; a phase of international disagreement about the causes of and remedies for unemployment, which triggered a variety of policy responses in the late 1970s and 1980s; and, finally, the emergence of an activation paradigm in the late 1990s, the influence of which continues to reverberate today. J. Timo Weishaupt contends that the evolution of labor market policy is determined not only by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers' changing normative and cognitive beliefs. Including case studies of Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, this study will be of value to anyone interested in labor market policy and its governance.

This book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe, while paying close attention to the OECD and the European Union as proliferators of new ideas. Three phases are identified: (a) a manpower revolution phase during the 1960s and 1970s, when most European governments emulated Swedish manpower policies and introduced/modernized their public employment services; (b) a phase of international disagreement about the root causes of, and remedies for, unemployment, triggering a diversity of policy responses during the late 1970s and 1980s; and (c) the emergence of an activation paradigm since the late 1990s, causing a process of institutional hybridization. The book's main contention is that the evolution of labor market policy is not only determined by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers' changing normative and cognitive beliefs. The cases studied include Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

This book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe, while paying close attention to the oeCD and the European Union as proliferators of new ideas. Three phases are identified: (a) a manpower revolution phase during the 1960s and 1970s, when most European governments emulated Swedish manpower policies and introduced/modernized their public employment services; (b) a phase of international disagreement about the root causes of, and remedies for, unemployment, triggering a diversity of policy responses during the late 1970s and 1980s; and (c) the emergence of an activation paradigm since the late 1990s, causing a process of institutional hybridization. The book's main contention is that the evolution of labor market policy is not only determined by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers' changing normative and cognitive beliefs. The cases studied include Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. - In dit boek onderzoekt J. Timo Weishaupt de oorsprong en evolutie van de arbeidsmarkt en arbeidswetgeving in West-Europa. Extra aandacht gaat daarbij uit naar de oeCD en de Europese Unie als voortrekkers van nieuwe ideeën op dit gebied. Timo Weishaupt deed onderzoek in Oostenrijk, Denemarken, Duitsland, Ierland, Zweden en het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Hij komt tot de conclusie dat de evolutie van arbeidswetgeving niet alleen wordt bepaald door historische ontwikkelingen, maar ook door de veranderende overtuigingen van beleidsmakers.

Abstract
Seit Beginn der Lissabon-Strategie im Jahr 2000 bildet die Offene Methode der Koordinierung (OMK) ein zentrales Instrument der Europäischen Union, um die sozialpolitischen Reformen der Mitgliedsstaaten zu steuern. Ob, und Wenn ja, wie, die OMK nationale Reformprozesse beeinflusst, ist in der Fachliteratur nach wie vor umstritten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Wirkungsweise der OMK am Beispiel Deutschlands. Zentrale Prämisse ist dabei, dass die OMK entweder rationalen Akteuren strategisch als Beschleuniger für bereits eingeschlagene Reformprojekte dienen oder als Wissenspool reflexive Akteure zu normativem zu. kognitivem Umdenken anregen kann. Basie­rend auf 25 Experteninterviews und einer sorgfältigen Analyse der Primär- und Sekundärliteratur kommt dieser Beitrag zu dem Ergebnis, dass die OMK in den Bereichen der sozialen Eingliederung und der Alterssicherung moderate kognitive und agendasetzende Effekte hatte. Die OMK insgesamt ist allerdings kein trojanisches Pferd, das mit falschen Versprechen wirbt, sondern vielmehr eine " vertane Chance " der sozialpolitischen Akteure, Reformprozesse progressiver zu gestalten.

This book examines the origins and evolution of labor market policy in Western Europe, while paying close attention to the oeCD and the European Union as proliferators of new ideas. Three phases are identified: (a) a manpower revolution phase during the 1960s and 1970s, when most European governments emulated Swedish manpower policies and introduced/modernized their public employment services; (b) a phase of international disagreement about the root causes of, and remedies for, unemployment, triggering a diversity of policy responses during the late 1970s and 1980s; and (c) the emergence of an activation paradigm since the late 1990s, causing a process of institutional hybridization. The book's main contention is that the evolution of labor market policy is not only determined by historical trajectories or coalitional struggles, but also by policy makers' changing normative and cognitive beliefs. The cases studied include Austria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.

In this paper, it is argued that Germany has undergone a series of large-scale institutional changes under 11 years of Social Democratic governance, weakening all of its core Continental principles and effectively triggering a process of regime hybridisation. Elements of these reforms include the recalibration of its labour market governance system, as well as a two-fold path-correction toward (a) a Nordic ideal type through the introduction of an activation pillar, a comprehensive, state-led childcare strategy, and a desire to improve lifelong learning opportunities, and (b) a liberal welfare ideal type through the curtailment of status-preserving privileges, increased benefit conditionality, and (more hesitantly) a move toward a relaxation of employment protection legislation, especially for labour market 'outsiders'. As the path corrections toward the Nordic ideal type came far too late in the Social Democrats' reign, the party leadership lost the trust of many voters, its party base, and the union movement. Adapted from the source document.