Suchergebnisse

It is important, in the light of the continuing debate concerning the interpretation of agreements, to clarify the underlying assumptions of contextual methodology and to determine its theory of meaning. The issues have recently been probed in some detail in Gidon Gottlieb's critique1 of the philosophic underpinning of the framework for the interpretation of agreements adopted by Myres S. McDougal, Harold D. Lasswell, and James C. Miller. It is the thesis of this paper that in significant respects Gottlieb's alternative solution and the framework of McDougal and Lasswell admit a similar need for analyzing extra-textual data to facilitate nonarbitrary decision-making.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I Philosophical Foundations -- 1 Embryo Research Ethics -- 1.1 Research on Human Embryos -- 1.1.1 The 14-Day Rule -- 1.1.2 Expanding Research Beyond 14 Days -- 1.1.3 Doubts About the 14-Day Rule -- 1.2 Research on Synthetic Embryoid Beings -- References -- 2 The Ethics of Medical Research -- 2.1 Covid-19: Three Urgencies -- 2.2 Reasons and Motives -- 2.3 Beneficence, Truth, Communication -- 2.4 Conditional and Unconditional Imperatives -- 2.5 Idealistic Dedication -- 2.6 Religious Dedication -- References -- 3 Genopolitics: Biotechnology Norms and the Liberal International Order -- 3.1 The Age of Biotechnology -- 3.2 Bioethics and the Liberal Consensus -- 3.3 Along Came Dr. He -- 3.4 Hard Bioethics -- 3.5 Postscript: The Death of an Article of Faith -- References -- Part II Vulnerability -- 4 Persons and Groups: Protection of Research Participants with Vulnerabilities as a Process -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Transformations of the Concept of Vulnerability -- 4.3 Some Conceptual Considerations -- 4.4 Different Users, Different Stages, Different Information -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Centring the Human Subject: Catalyzing Change in Ethics and Dementia Research -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Background to Project -- 5.3 Problems of Exclusion and Tokenistic Gestures -- 5.3.1 Exclusionism in Human Subject Research -- 5.3.2 Tokenism in Patient and Public Involvement -- 5.4 Stigma and Tackling Unconscious Bias -- 5.4.1 Stigma -- 5.4.2 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Informed Consent Processes -- 5.4.3 Unconscious Bias Manifested in Assumptions About Vulnerability -- 5.4.4 Unconscious Bias Manifested as Epistemic Hierarchy -- 5.5 Adopting a Strength-Based Approach -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Genetics.

Public Health Policy and Ethics brings together philosophers and practitioners to address the foundations and principles upon which public health policy may be advanced – especially in the international arena. What is the basis that justifies public health in the first place? Why should individuals be disadvantaged for the sake of the group? How do policy concerns and clinical practice work together and work against each other? Can the boundaries of public health be extended to include social ills that are amenable to group-dynamic solutions? What about political issues? How can international finance make an impact? These are some of the crucial questions that form the core of this volume of original essays sure to cause practitioners to engage in a critical re-evaluation of the role of ethics in public health policy.

When and how forcefully must we intervene to save a life, and when should we respect the will to die? This book presents alternative ethical paradigms to understand contemporary challenges in suicide research, prevention, practices, and policies, including challenges in the expanding legalization of euthanasia and assisted suicide ('medical assistance in dying'). Drawing on case studies and philosophical approaches, analysis focuses on decision-making when we are faced with questions about obligations to help and intervene in suicidal situations. Chapters cover moral dilemmas in rescue policies, ethical challenges in suicide research, civil and legal considerations, and similarities and differences with accessing medical assistance in dying. Discussion is grounded in contemporary debates, addressing important issues such as if we should continue to hospitalize people to protect them from self-harm, or control access to 'dangerous' suicide content online? This book is unique in its focus on the practical concerns of mental health professionals, helplines, researchers, policy makers, and programme planners who are faced with ethical challenges in suicidology and suicide prevention.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction: Human Research Ethics -- Part I The Historical and Philosophical Foundations -- 1 Hans Jonas (1969), 'Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting with Human Subjects', Doedalus, 98, pp. 219-47 -- 2 Ruth Macklin and Susan Sherwin (1975), 'Experimenting on Human Subjects: Philosophical Perspectives', Case Western Reserve Law Review, 25, pp. 434-71 -- 3 Eric M. Meslin, Heather J. Sutherland, James V. Lavery and James E. Till (1995), 'Principlism and the Ethical Appraisal of Clinical Trials', Bioethics, 9, pp. 399-418 -- 4 David J. Rothman (1998), 'The Nuremberg Code in Light of Previous Principles and Practices in Human Experimentation', in Ulrich Tröhler and Stella Reiter-Theil in cooperation with Eckhard Herych (eds), Ethics Codes in Medicine: Foundations and Achievements of Codification Since 1947, Ashgate: Aldershot, pp. 50-59 -- 5 James F. Childress (2000), 'Nuremberg's Legacy: Some Ethical Reflections', Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 43, pp. 347-61 -- 6 Allen Buchanan (1996), 'The Controversy over Retrospective Moral Judgment', Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6, pp. 245-50 -- 7 Tom L. Beauchamp (1996), 'Looking Back and Judging Our Predecessors', Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 6, pp. 251-70 -- 8 Arthur L. Caplan (1992), 'When Evil Intrudes', Hastings Center Report, 22, pp. 29-32 -- 9 Sissela Bok (1995), 'Shading the Truth in Seeking Informed Consent for Research Purposes', Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal, 5, pp. 1-17 -- 10 Nancy E. Kass, Jeremy Sugarman, Ruth Faden and Monica Schoch-Spana (1996), 'Trust: The Fragile Foundation of Contemporary Biomedical Research', Hastings Center Report, 26, pp. 25-29

This book offers a group of essays published in memory of David Thomasma, one of the leading humanists in the field of bioethics during the twentieth century. The authors represent many different countries and disciplines throughout the globe. The volume deals with the pressing issue of how to ground a universal bioethics in the context of the conflicted world of combative cultures and perspectives.

This book covers models as well as ethical issues in psychiatric healthcare in prisons in several countries. It comes as recent surveys demonstrate the rising prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners, and suggests models for good practice in the field.