Suchergebnisse

Strategic emerging industries (SEIs) represent the future direction of industrial developments and are crucial in stimulating the overall and long-term development for economy and society. The government plays a key role in promoting the development of SEIs. This paper, for the first time, investigates the cooperation relationship among innovation members, such as enterprises, universities and research institutes in a collaborative innovation network of strategic emerging industries under government intervention. A three-population evolutionary game theory approach was employed under different scenarios for the government acting as the stakeholder, considering the non-profit, definite fit as well as uncertain profit when incentive and punishment policies are adopted. A novel evolutionary game model of the cooperation relationship among collaborative innovation network members under government&rsquo ; s intervention is established. The results of the simulation experiments show that government&rsquo ; s intervention significantly influences the cooperation relationship between enterprises, universities and research institutes. When the sum of financial incentives and punishments is greater than the total additional cost (TAC), enterprises, universities and research institutes should pay for collaborative innovation. Moreover, government&rsquo ; s financial intervention can effectively promote the cooperation between enterprises, universities and research institutes.

Liu establishes that high school graduation operates as a turning point in late adolescence in redirecting individuals' adult offending trajectories. High school graduation is individually experienced and especially beneficial to those at high risk of dropping out. It also redirects adult offending trajectories by opening opportunities for experiencing adulthood turning point such as employment and romantic relationships. Liu's work provides empirical support for life course criminology and expands our knowledge about turning points by emphasizing that these events may occur at different stage

Liu establishes that high school graduation operates as a turning point in late adolescence in redirecting individuals' adult offending trajectories. High school graduation is individually experienced and especially beneficial to those at high risk of dropping out. It also redirects adult offending trajectories by opening opportunities for experiencing adulthood turning point such as employment and romantic relationships. Liu's work provides empirical support for life course criminology and expands our knowledge about turning points by emphasizing that these events may occur at different stage.

Using correctional officer data from the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial (NLEOMF) database, we describe the characteristics of U.S. correctional officers killed in line of duty in the past decade, and explore how the hazard probability changed over the life span and factors related to these changes. Survival analysis results show that several demographic characteristics were significantly related to changes in hazard probabilities. Study results provided the most recent statistics on profiles of U.S. correctional officers killed in line of duty. Findings have implications for prevention programs aimed at increasing correctional officer safety.

Purpose
Energy conservation and environmental protection industry (ECEPI) is a strategic choice to promote energy conservation and emission reduction, develop green economy and circular economy. However, China's ECEPI is still in the stage of rapid development and the overall scale is relatively small, what development periods have the ECEPI experienced? This study aims to contribute to a better understanding of collaborative innovation evolution based on social network analysis from the perspective of multi-dimensional proximity.


Design/methodology/approach
Methodologically, this study uses social network analysis method to explore the co-evolution of multidimensional collaboration networks. It divides China's ECEPI into four periods based on national policies from 2001 to 2020. This contribution constructs collaborative innovation networks from geographical, technological and organizational proximity.


Findings
The results show that the collaborative innovation network was initially formed in the central region of China, gradually expanded to neighboring cities and the core positions of Beijing, Jiangsu and Guangdong have been continuously consolidated. C02F has been the core of the collaboration networks, and the research focus has gradually shifted from the treatment of wastewater, sewage or sludge to the separation field. Enterprises always occupy a dominant position in the collaboration networks.


Originality/value
This research investigates the dynamic evolution process of collaborative innovation network in China's ECEPI from the perspective of multidimensional proximity, explores the community structure, important nodes and multidimensional proximity features in the network, expands the research perspective on evolution characteristics of innovative network and the research field of social network analysis. Theoretically, this study enriches collaborative innovation theory, social network theory and multi-dimensional proximity theory.

AbstractFree‐standing chitosan membranes were prepared using genipin as crosslinker, using several molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a void‐forming agent. The membrane surface formation and chitosan polymer chain crosslinking were confirmed through SEM and FTIR, respectively. The water flux was remarkably increased with increasing molecular weight of PEG employed in preparation of composite chitosan membrane (J∝[PEG(MW)]0.85), it appeared over 6000 Da of PEG. During Chlorella vulgaris harvest using chitosan membranes, focus was made on algae‐fouling caused by the deposition of cells and extracellular organic matter, and it was found that membranes employing lower molecular weight of PEG (under 10000 Da) had been maintaining the high flux recovery after alternating filtration cycles, in addition to PEG20000 containing membrane. The chitosan membrane prepared with lower molecular weight of PEG exhibited better suppression of algae‐fouling properties. The Chlorella vulgaris harvesting results indicated that cell rejection rate reached above 98%.