Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- List of Acronyms -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part I Introduction -- Assessing the Economic Costs and Benefits of Crime Prevention -- Methods and Perspectives of Economic Analysis -- Economic Analysis Findings -- International Policy Perspectives -- Future Directions -- Part II Methods and Perspectives of Economic Analysis -- 1 The Crime Victim's Perspective in Cost-Benefit Analysis: The Importance of Monetizing Tangible and Intangible Crime Costs -- Conceptual Issues in Costs and Benefits of Criminal Justice Policy -- Methodologies for Measuring the Intangible Costs of Crime -- Review of Empirical Estimates of the Cost of Crime -- Concluding Remarks -- 2 Quantitative Exploration of the Pandora's Box of Treatment and Supervision: What Goes on Between Costs In and Outcomes Out -- Addressing Unanswered Questions -- The Cost → Procedure → Process → Outcome Analysis (CPPOA) Model -- Randomized Experiment of Two Metaprocedures -- Cost, Procedure, Process, and Outcome Variables Selected -- Data Sources and Collection Schedule -- Planned Analyses: Exploring Pandora's Box -- Conclusion -- Part III Economic Analysis Findings -- 3 A Review of Research on the Monetary Value of Preventing Crime -- Costs and Benefits of Crime Prevention Programs -- Discussion and Conclusion -- 4 Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions: Nurse Home Visits and the Perry Preschool -- Programs Selected for Analysis -- Summary -- 5 The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime: A Review of Research Findings with Implications for Washington State -- Findings About Specific Programs -- Conclusion -- Part IV International Policy Perspectives -- 6 Evaluation of the United Kingdom's "Crime Reduction Programme": Analysis of Costs and Benefits -- Background

A future of criminology and a criminologist for the ages /Rolf Loeber and Brandon C. Welsh --Some future trajectories for life course criminology /D. Wayne Osgood --Does the study of the age-crime curve have a future? /Rolf Loeber --Developmental origins of aggression : from social learning to epigenetics /Richard E. Tremblay --Biology of crime : past, present, and future perspectives /Adrian Raine and Jill Portnoy --Self-control, then and now /Terrie E. Moffitt --Criminological theory : past achievements and future challenges /Terence P. Thornberry --Individuals' situational criminal actions : current knowledge and tomorrow's prospects /Per-Olof H. Wikström --Lack of empathy and offending : implications for tomorrow's research and practice /Darrick Jolliffe and Joseph Murray --Person-in-context : insights and issues in research on neighborhoods and crime /Gregory M. Zimmerman and Steven F. Messner --Risk and protective factors in the assessment of school bullies and victims /Maria M. Ttofi and Peter K. Smith --Adult onset offending : perspectives for future research /Georgia Zara --The next generation of longitudinal studies /Magda Stouthamer-Loeber --Research on criminal careers, part 1 : contributions, opportunities, and needs /Alfred Blumstein --Research on criminal careers, part 2 : looking back to predict ahead /Alex R. Piquero --The harvesting of administrative records : new problems, great potential /Howard N. Snyder --Twenty-five years of developmental criminology : what we know, what we need to know /Marc Le Blanc --Pushing back the frontiers of knowledge on desistance from crime /Lila Kazemian --Does psychopathology appear fully only in adulthood? /Raymond R. Corrado --Preventing delinquency by putting families first /Brandon C. Welsh --The future of preventive public health : implications of brain violence research /Frederick P. Rivara --"Own the place, own the crime" prevention : how evidence about place-based crime shifts the burden of prevention /John E. Eck and Rob T. Guerette --Community approaches to preventing crime and violence : the challenge of building prevention capacity /Ross Homel and Tara Renae McGee --Taking effective crime prevention to scale : from school-based programs to community-wide prevention systems /J. David Hawkins [and others] --The human experiment in treatment : a means to the end of offender recidivism /Doris Layton MacKenzie and Gaylene Styve Armstrong --Towards a third phase of "what works" in offender rehabilitation /Friedrich Lösel --Raising the bar : transforming knowledge to practice for children in conflict with the law /Leena K. Augimeri and Christopher J. Koegl --Intervening with violence : priorities for reform from a public health perspective /Jonathan P. Shepherd --How to reduce the global homicide rate to 2 per 100,000 by 2060 /Manuel Eisner and Amy Nivette --The problem with macro-criminology /James Q. Wilson --Staking out the next generation of studies of the criminology of place : collecting prospective longitudinal data at crime hot spots /David Weisburd, Brian Lawton, and Justin Ready --The futures of experimental criminology /Lawrence W. Sherman --Stopping crime requires successful implementation of what works /Irvin Waller --The future of sentencing and its control /Michael Tonry.

Childhood and delinquency -- The nature and extent of delinquency -- Individual view of delinquency: choice and trait -- Sociological views of delinquency -- Developmental views of delinquency: life course, latent trait, and trajectory -- Gender and delinquency -- The family and delinquency -- Peers and delinquency: juvenile gangs and groups -- Schools and delinquency -- Drug use and delinquency -- Delinquency prevention and juvenile justice today -- Police work with juveniles -- Juvenile court process: pretrial, trial, and sentencing -- Juvenile corrections: probation, community treatment, and institutionalization.

After decades of rigorous study in the United States and across the Western world, a great deal is known about the early risk factors for offending. High impulsiveness, low attainment, criminal parents, parental conflict, and growing up in a deprived, high-crime neighborhood are among the most important factors. There is also a growing body of high quality scientific evidence on the effectiveness of early prevention programs designed to prevent children from embarking on a life of crime. Drawing on the latest evidence, this title assesses the early causes of offending and what works best to prevent it.

Abstract
In 1997, the Office of Justice Programs published Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising (Sherman, L. W., Gottfredson, D. C., MacKenzie, D. L., Eck, J. E., Reuter, P., and Bushway, S. D. (1997). Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising. Washington, DC: Office of Justice Programs). The report was commissioned by the US Congress and was prepared by a team of criminologists from the University of Maryland. It aspired to be a methodologically rigorous and comprehensive review of the effectiveness of crime prevention programmes, ranging from prenatal home visits to community policing to parole. This 20-year review of the 'what works' report finds that it has been influential in elevating both the scientific and public policy discourse on crime prevention. It did this on three main fronts. First, it reaffirmed that not all evaluation designs are equally valid and made clear that only designs that provide confidence in observed effects should contribute to the evidence base. Secondly, it advanced the equally important task of assessing research evidence and, despite some limitations, adopted a more rigorous method for this purpose. Thirdly, undergirding all of this was the report's commitment to the communication of science for the benefit of all parties: policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and the public. Implications for policy—with special reference to evidence-based policing—and research are discussed.