1. Introduction -- 2. International student mobilities (ISM) and African students in China -- 3. Setting the context: The hierarchical ordering of languages in the world -- 4. The logic of linguistic exchanges and model of investment -- 5. Chinese language ideologies reflected in African students' discourses -- 6. Discourses on Chinese as 'linguistic capital' -- 7. Sleepless in China: Linguistic investment and a burden of perfectionism -- 8. Transcending time and space: new images of the world and self -- 9. Conclusions and implications.
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In Maharashtra, a few numbers of films have been produced on Dalit marginal or subaltern narratives, mainly based on the intersectionality of caste and gender conflicts. Unfortunately, these films have not received good responses nor got a box office success like Sairat movie did in the twenty-first century. In India, caste conflict, Brahminical hegemony and gender discrimination issues have produced fewer cinematic narratives about subalterns and badly left them without a voice. This article significantly exemplifies the Sairat movie to understand how a young generation in Maharashtra (especially from the rural areas) is facing caste hierarchy, class conflict, discrimination, gender-related issues and challenges in their lives. A class conflict and the characters' struggle can be seen through the protagonists Parshya (Akash Thosar) and Archi (Rinku Rajguru) when they get married and start living their lives as an average couple, but nothing happens as a happy ending. This story re/presents the struggle of inter-caste marriage couples, social unacceptability and exclusion. They fail to resist the social, political and caste conflicts and get killed. In short, they become a victim of honour killing. To conclude, Sairat represents social, gender and caste conflict and reflects the struggle of youngsters in inter-caste marriages.
After the cold war, the trends of legal globalization became more and more obvious. People'sRepublic of China (PRC) began its connection with the international community and theglobal market, and its legal reform after the launch of the "reform and opening-up" policy.By examining China's labor law reform, we can see how legal globalization has influencedChina's legal system. China introduced and transplanted many institutions, terms of ILOconventions during its labor law reform. It also accepted many principles and conceptions ofILO conventions in its labor law and constitutional law, which would shape China's laborlaw reform. Multinational corporations (MNC) and transnational civil society organizations(TCSO) influenced Chinese labor law reform through lobbying, advocacy, public education,and litigations. Informal norms such as Corporate Social Responsibility standards developed byMNCs and TSCOs also inspired Chinese legislators to improve China's labor law and ChineseSCOs or business associations to develop labor standards to fill the gaps in China's labor lawand regulations. In conclusion, in the age of legal globalization, the labor law reform in Chinais a kind of legal transplantation. International norms, actions by multinational corporationsand transnational civil society, and their informal norms together constitute the force whichpromotes the transplantation and the reform of China's legal system. Key Words: legal globalization, global governance, labor law, law reform
AbstractThis study focuses on the honor of Model County Party Secretary, a prestigious award bestowed by the Communist Party of China to recognize exceptional county party secretaries. Specifically, we investigate how county party secretaries' patronage networks with senior politicians and their relative economic performance compared to other political contestants can impact their likelihood of winning this honor. We collect demographic and biographic data on a sample of over 2000 county party secretaries from various official documents and online sources. Instrumental variable estimations show that, in line with tournament theory, an increase in county party secretaries' relative economic performance enhances their likelihood of receiving the honor. However, county leaders' patronage networks with senior politicians negatively moderate the estimated impact of economic performance. This finding contradicts the inference drawn from patronage theory but supports the conjecture that senior politicians may exploit patronage networks to politically suppress subordinate leaders and prevent political uncertainty.
This article takes 30 listed enterprises in the manufacturing industry as samples, uses the KMV model to measure the default distance, and tests the validity of the measurement results to investigate whether issuing green bonds has a potential impact on the credit risk of enterprises. The results show that the KMV model has a better ability to predict corporate credit risk; and enterprises that have issued green bonds generally have lower credit risk due to signaling effects and other effects. Finally, this article puts forward relevant recommendations such as policy support and database construction based on the research results. This article provides a basis for enterprises to broaden financing channels and strengthen credit risk management.
(1) Background: Recent studies reported that decrease in lung function of Chinese children and adolescents continues to decline, although the change has been insignificant and has reached a plateau. However, studies have not explored the relationship between lung function and economic development in China. This study sought to explore the longitudinal association between socio-economic indicators and lung function; (2) Method: Data were obtained from seven successive national surveys conducted by the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2014. Lung function of school-age children (7–22 years) was determined using forced vital capacity (FVC). GDP per capita and urbanization ratio were used as economic indicators. A fixed-effects model was employed to examine the longitudinal association after adjusting for height, weight, and time trends; (3) Results: Socio-economic indicators showed a U-curve relationship with lung function of boys and girls from urban and rural areas. Lung function initially decreased with GDP per capita or urbanization ratio and reached a minimum. Lung function then increased with increase in GDP per capita or urbanization ratio. The findings indicate that the relationship between economic growth and lung function is different in different development stages. In less-developed provinces, economic growth was negatively correlated with lung function, whereas, in developed provinces, economic growth was positively correlated with lung function; (4) Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that economic growth has significantly different effects on lung function at different economic levels. Therefore, governments should improve lung health in children and adolescents from low and middle economic regions.
