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Contribution of population control policies to economic growth in non-industrialized nations.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Introduction -- Chapter I: Births -- Figure I-1. Live Births and Fertility Rates, 1930-2003 -- Table I-1. Live Births, Birth Rates, and Fertility Rates, by Race, Selected Years, 1940-2003 -- Table I-1A. Live Births, Birth Rates, and Fertility Rates, by Race and Hispanic Origin of Mother, Final 2003 and Preliminary 2004 -- Table I-2. Live Births, by Age of Mother, Live-Birth Order, and Race of Mother, 2003 -- Table 1-2A. Live Births and Birth Rates, by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin of Mother, Final 2003 and Preliminary 2004 -- Figure I-2. First Birth Rates, by Age of Mother, 1990 and 2003 -- Table I-3. Fertility Rates and Birth Rates, by Age of Mother, Live-Birth Order, and Race of Mother, 2003 -- Figure I-3. Birth Rates, by Age of Mother, 1980-2003 -- Figure I-4. Birth Rates, by Age of Father, 1980-2003 -- Table I-4. Total Fertility Rates and Birth Rates, by Age and Race of Mother, Selected Years, 1970-2003 -- Table I-4A. Birth Rates for Women Under 20 Years of Age, by Age, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Selected Years, 1991-2003 and Preliminary 2004 -- Figure I-5. Birth Rates for Teenagers 15-19 Years of Age, by Race and/or Hispanic Origin, 1991 and 2002 -- Table I-5. Fertility Rates and Birth Rates, by Live-Birth Order and Race of Mother, 1980-2003 -- Figure I-6. Mean Age of Mother at First Birth, by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2003 -- Table I-6. Live Births, Birth Rates, and Fertility Rates, by Specified Hispanic Origin and Race of Mother, 1989-2003 -- Table I-7. Live Births, by Age, Live-Birth Order, Specified Hispanic Origin, and Race of Mother, 2003 -- Table I-8. Fertility Rates and Birth Rates, by Age, Live-Birth Order, Specified Hispanic Origin, and Race of Mother, 2003

Background Primary pineal malignant melanoma is a rare type of primary central nervous system melanoma with only 19 cases reported in the literature.
Case Report We present a case of a 53-year-old man with primary melanoma of the pineal region. He presented to the emergency department with gait unsteadiness and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 22 × 17 × 22-mm mass in the pineal region. On MRI the tumor was hyperintense in T1, isointense in T2, and on T1-weighted images with gadolinium enhancement it appeared homogeneously hyperintense with hypointense spots. Our patient underwent subtotal tumor resection as well as radiotherapy. The 52-week MRI control showed no recurrence of the lesion.After 62 weeks he developed gait ataxia and headaches and was admitted to the emergency department. Computed tomography revealed tumor bleeding and obstructive hydrocephalus.An external ventricular drain was placed, but the bleeding progressed, and 7 days after admission, MRI showed bleeding in the thalamus and mesencephalon. With a dismal prognosis, therapy was discontinued. He died 65 weeks after diagnosis.
Methods We reviewed the available literature (PubMed) with 19 published cases of primary pineal malignant melanoma and evaluated the common symptoms at presentation, histopathologic features, radiologic findings, therapeutic regimens, and time of survival to provide the most up-to-date treatment.
Results The median age of patients with primary pineal malignant melanoma is 52 years (female-to-male ratio: 10:10 years); a common first sign is chronic hydrocephalus. On MRI the lesion presents hyperintense in T1 and hypo- to isointense in T2. Biopsy or resection and histopathologic analysis are the key to diagnosis. Common histopathologic features are melanic pigment (n = 19/20), positive Human Melanoma Black (HMB-45) marker (n = 13/20), positive S100 protein reactivity (n = 11/20), as well as positive Melan-A (n = 9/20). The median survival was > 56.5 weeks in patients treated with resection and radiation.
Conclusion Reconsidering the reported cases surgical treatment followed by radiation increases the length of survival.