Suchergebnisse

More than 75 percent of Swiss voters approved on 18 May 2003, the new law for the armed forces XXI. With it there is a clear domestic legitimating basis to align the security-political instrument of the armed forces with the cooperation strategy outlined in the report of 2000. The article briefly describes the security- and military policy fundamentals of Switzerland, the strategic challenges, military transformation challenges, and political challenges. The author concludes that Switzerland needs an open and active security political discussion where politics must assist domestic policies in what is necessary for security policies.

Examines challenge by France's President Charles de Gaulle to US dominance in NATO, and US response, in changing domestic and foreign political and military contexts during the Cold War. France's foreign relations with the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc, Germany's role, atomic weapons and nuclear nonproliferation, and other issues.

This article discusses how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) overcame the challenged posed by France in the mid to late 1960s. French President Charles de Gaulle's decision to withdraw France's remaining forces from NATO's integrated military commands, and his visit to Moscow shortly thereafter, exposed the alliance to unprecedented tension. Yet as NATO moved toward a crisis, opportunities arose to define a new vision for the alliance in a time of détente. Trilateral talks among the United States, Britain, and the Federal Republic of Germany forged a consensus on strategy, force levels, burden sharing, and nuclear consultation a consensus that was endorsed by the other member-states. The Harmel exercise in 1967 restored NATO's political purpose, expanding its political role as an instrument of peace. By 1968 NATO had evolved into a less hierarchical military alliance of fourteen and a more political and participatory alliance offifteen (including France). This successful transformation of NATO moved the process of détente from the bilateral superpower accommodation of 1963 to the multilateral European rapprochement of the 1970s.