Suchergebnisse

Introduction -- The historiographical background -- The place of the Carolingians in the Feudal Revolution -- Methodology -- Geography and sources -- Part I. The Parameters of Carolingian Society -- 1. Institutional integration -- Counts and the locality -- Bishops and episcopal organisation -- Royal power -- Conclusion: Structures of authority -- 2. Networks of inequality -- Aristocratic solidarities and the limits of Carolingian institutions of rule -- The logic of aristocratic dominance -- Conclusion: The dominance of lordship? -- 3. Carolingian co-ordinations -- Carolingian symbolic communication between Marne and Moselle : gifts, violence and meetings -- Characterising Carolingian symbolic communication -- From symbolic communication to economies of meaning -- Conclusion -- Part II. The long tenth-century, c. 880 to c. 1030 -- 4. The ebbing of royal power -- The distancing of royal authority -- Post-royal politics -- The causes for the retreat of royal power -- Conclusion -- 5. New hierarchies -- The transformation of the Carolingian county -- Lords and landlords in the long tenth century -- Ritual and society in the tenth century -- Conclusion: "Symbolic impoverishment" -- Part III. The exercise of authority through property rights, c. 1030-1130 -- 6. The banality of power -- The rise of banal power -- The reification of political power -- Material consequences -- Conclusion -- 7. Fiefs, Homage and the "Investiture Quarrel" -- Fiefs and dependent property -- Homage -- The "Investiture Quarrel" -- Towards a "secular liturgy"? -- Conclusion -- 8. Upper Lotharingia and Champagne around 1100 -- The new political landscape between Marne and Moselle -- Upper Lotharingia and Champagne compared -- Architectures of power -- Conclusion -- Conclusion: Between the "long twelfth century" and the settlement of disputes -- Reframing the Feudal Revolution : the Carolingian legacy -- Manuscripts index

Let me start with three observations on which I think all sides agree. First, the present struggle in Vietnam represents a profound conflict of moral responsibility. It is this which makes peace by negotiation so difficult. If the issues were defined in terms of the interests of opposing powers alone, the disproportion of the means now being used to any conceivable rational end would long since have led to compromise. The fact is, however, that all sides in the conflict are driven by a profound sense of obligation to purposes in which they believe, and which transcend their, interests. For Ho Chi Minh and the Communist leadership in Vietnam the war is part of the struggle of exploited peoples all over the world to overthrow their imperialist and capitalist enemies in order to build a socialist society. For a great majority of non-Communists in the Eastern world, and a large number in the West, it represents the struggle of a nationalist movement with democratic tendencies to establish control by the people of Vietnam over their own country.

Whenever the word "security" is mentioned, the words of a well-known hymn run through my mind. It is one some of us sing on New Year's Day and on historic occasions. It begins, "O God our help in ages past," and the second verse runs:Under the shadow of thy throne,thy saints have dwelt secure.Sufficient is thine arm alone,and our defense is sure.The author of this hymn was Isaac Watts, a divine So prolific in his day that his hymns, especially his Psalm,paraphrases of which this is one, dominated many hynanals of the eighteenth century, both in England and in America.

Josef Hromadka was a man of controversy his whole life long. A quarter of a century ago, as the second world war was nearing its end, a refugee from his native land and a professor at Princeton Theological Seminary in the U.S.A., he published a testament and a prophecy for Western bourgeois civilization under the title Doom and Resurrection. The world had reason to be cautiously optimistic in these last days of 1944. The first atomic bomb had not yet exploded. The wartime partnership between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies was in full emotional swing; "cold war" and "iron curtain" were still unknown concepts. D-Day was a fact; the Nazi armies were in retreat; the United Nations had been conceived, if not yet born. Against the terrible darkness of the previous years, the future gave promise of a new and better world.

By counting publications in the American Education Research Journal (1968-1977) and the Journal of Educational Psychology (1958-1977) 62 prolific scholars were identified. These scholars provided information by questionnaire about their communication patterns, academic background, their paradigms, shifts in research focus, time spent on various professional activities, age, and years of training. These scholars also provided information as to persons who had been influential in their research and persons with whom they had interacted frequently about their research. Data about the persons listed and citation data were used to test the invisible college hypothesis. This hypothesis was not robustly supported.