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There is a common perception of reciprocity as a concept that is opposed to the communitarian interests that characterise contemporary international law, or merely a way of denoting reactions to unfriendly or wrongful conduct. This book disputes this approach, and highlights how reciprocity is instead linked to the structural characteristic of sovereign equality of States in international law. This book carries out an in-depth analysis of the concept of reciprocity and the elements that characterise it, before examining the various roles and articulations of reciprocity in a number of fields of public international law: the law of treaties, the treatment of individuals, the execution of international law, and the jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals. In all these areas, it analyses both more traditional and more contemporary examples, to demonstrate how reciprocity is closely linked to the very structure of public international law.

Intro -- Foreword by Stephen Sedley, Lord Justice of Appeal 1999-2011 -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- PART I SETTING THE SCENE: THE TRUTH ABOUT LIES -- 1. Introduction -- I. 'The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth' -- II. Operation Mincemeat -- III. 'Corkscrew' Minds -- IV. A Hippocratic Oath for Lawyers? -- V. Lawyers, Truth and Justice -- VI. Tricks of the Trade -- VII. An Inconvenient Truth -- VIII. Why Tricks Matter -- IX. A Comparative Approach -- X. Structure of the Book -- 2. The Lawyer's Role: 'Hired Guns' or 'He roes'? -- I. Defining Lying -- II. Defining Truth -- III. Virtuous Lying -- IV. Virtuous L(aw)y(er)ing -- V. The Lawyer' s Professional Responsibility - Protecting Clients? -- VI. Respect for Client Autonomy -- VII. Protecting Dignity and Liberty -- VIII. The Pervasiveness of Law -- IX. Are Lawyers 'Hired Gun' or ' Heroes'? -- X. Conclusions -- 3. Lawyers: A Divided Loyalty? -- I. Legal -- II. Ethical -- III. Moral -- IV. Conclusions -- PART II STRATEGIES TO PROTECT THE TRUTH -- 4. Keeping Confidentiality: Tragic Choices -- I. Tragic Choices -- II. Exceptions -- III. Inadvertent Disclosure -- 5. Lying with the Law: The Lecture -- I. Anatomy of a Murder -- II. Advice on the Law -- III. Answering Questions -- IV. Advice on Law Enforcement -- V. Advice on Evidence - Coaching -- VI. Baron & -- Budd - Getting Away With It? -- 6. The Inconvenient Truth: Selective Ignorance and Wilful Blindness -- I. A Time to Kill -- II. The 'Buried Bodies Case and Mecca v McClure -- III. Perjury -- IV. 'None of My Business' -- V. Inferences -- VI. Expertise -- 7. Licence to Lie -- I. Default -- II. Official Sanctions -- III. Contracts of Silence: Secret Settlements and NDAs -- 8. Exploring the Outer Space of Law -- I. Legal Realism and the Indeterminacy of Law -- II. Stare Decisis.

"This book uses real-world examples, case studies, and commentary from practitioners to reveal the many and varied strategies American and English lawyers use to protect truth. It shows how they tackle their conflicting duties, and highlights the 'tragic choices' lawyers everywhere routinely make through their 'power of decision'. What emerges are new ways of understanding the critical role lawyers play in society - and their professional responsibilities. 'Truth is so precious it should always be protected by a bodyguard of lies.' Churchill said this about wartime deception plans, but lawyers' clients may think their truth - especially an 'inconvenient truth' - is so precious it too should be protected. Lawyers are 'bodyguards of lies' when they use so-called 'tricks of the trade' not only to keep clients' secrets but to construct a reality that is far from real. But should they? Lawyers have a divided loyalty. The book presents a unique and fascinating account of what happens when lawyers' duties to clients conflict with their duties to the legal system, and looks in detail at the ethical codes and laws that regulate their conduct."--

How did Irish and American diplomacy operate in Washington DC and Dublin during the 1930s era of economic depression, rising fascism and Nazism? How did the Anglo-American relationship affect American-Irish diplomatic relations? Why and how did Éamon de Valera and Franklin D. Roosevelt move their countries towards neutrality in 1939? This first comprehensive history of American and Irish diplomacy during the 1930s focuses on formal and informal diplomacy, examining all aspects of diplomatic life to explain the relationship between the two administrations from 1932 to 1939. Bernadette Whelan reveals how diplomats worked on behalf of their governments to implement Franklin D. Roosevelt and Éamon de Valera's foreign policies - particularly when Éamon de Valera believed in the existence of a 'special' transatlantic relationship but Franklin D. Roosevelt increasingly favoured a strong relationship with Britain. Drawing on a wide range of under-used sources, this is a major new contribution to the history of American and Irish diplomacy and revises our understanding of the importance of Ireland to a US administration.

""The world of video games has long revolved around a subset of its player base-straight, white males aged 18-25. Highly gendered marketing in the late 1990s and early 2000s widened the gap between this perceived base and the actual diverse group who buy video games. Despite reports from the Entertainment Software Association that nearly half of gamers identify as female, many developers continue to produce content reflecting this imaginary audience. Many female gamers are in turn modifying games to appeal to players like themselves. "Modders" alter the appearance of characters, rewrite scenes and epilogues, enhance or add love scenes and create fairy tale happy endings. This collection of new essays examines the phenomenon of women and modding, focusing on such titles as Skyrim, Dragon Age, Mass Effect and The Sims. Topics include the relationship between modders and developers, the history of modding, and the relationship between modding and disability, race, sexuality and gender identity."-Provided by publisher"--

From affluent Sandymount to war-torn Paris, 1881/1918 -- The first Irish Consul in Paris, 1919/1921 -- The Treaty and the Irish Civil War, 1921/1922 -- The Consular and Diplomatic Envoy of the Irish Republic, 1922/1926 -- The wilderness years, 1926/1932 -- From France to Spain, 1932/1939 -- Franco's most famous foreign prisoner and escapee : Frank Ryan -- Inside the viper's nest : Kerney and German military intelligence during World War II -- Confidential reports from Fascist Spain, 1939/1945 -- New beginnings, 1946/1948 -- "When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions!"

"Being Christian in Vandal Africa investigates conflicts over Christian orthodoxy in the Vandal kingdom--the successor to Roman rule in North Africa, ca. 439 to 533 CE. Exploiting neglected texts, author Robin Whelan exposes a sophisticated culture of disputation between Nicene ("Catholic") and Homoian ("Arian") Christians and explores their rival claims to political and religious legitimacy. These contests--sometimes violent--are key to understanding the wider and much-debated issues of identity and state formation in the post-imperial West."--Provided by publisher

1.The BEF in 1939 and the Reactivation of the Lines of Communication -- 2.The German Attack and Breakthrough -- 3.The Response of the Lines of Communication to the German Attack -- 4.The Formation of the Beauman Division -- 5.The Battles of the Lower Somme: May 23rd to June 4th -- 6.'Fall Rot' -- 7.The Loss of the 51st Highland Division -- 8.The Battles in Normandy.

The challenges facing the criminalisation of cartel activity in the European Union are threefold: theoretical, legal, and practical. This book analyses these crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalisation can be accurately understood.

"Title" -- "Introduction: Talking to the Lemass Group in the Cowen Era" -- "Chapter 1: From the Steps of Rathmines Town Hall, 1926" -- "Chapter 2: Laying the Foundations, 1926–7" -- "Chapter 3: Over the Oath and Then Into Power, 1927–32" -- "Chapter 4: First Terms in Government, 1932–9" -- "Chapter 5: Government in Wartime, 1939–48" -- "Chapter 6: Pushed Into Opposition by a Pretender, 1948–54" -- "Chapter 7: Renewal, 1954–9" -- "Chapter 8: A Breath of Fresh Air, 1959–66" -- "Chapter 9: A Weak Start, 1966–9" -- "Chapter 10: Arms and Intrigue, 1969–70" -- "Chapter 11: Backing Jack, 1970–77" -- "Chapter 12: The Turbulent Transition, 1977–81" -- "Chapter 13: "Rise and Follow Charlie," 1981–7" -- "Chapter 14: Crossing the Coalition Rubicon, 1987–9" -- "Chapter 15: Nine Lives, 1989–92" -- "Chapter 16: Back From the Brink, 1989–92" -- "Chapter 17: A Rollercoaster Ride, 1992–4" -- "Chapter 18: The Bertie Bounce, 1995–7" -- "Chapter 19: Peacemaker and Politician, 1997–2002" -- "Chapter 20: Bertie: From Boom to Bust, 2002–8" -- "Epilogue" -- "Notes" -- "Bibliography" -- "Images" -- "Copyright" -- "About the Author" -- "Dedication" -- "Acknowledgments