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The authors reassess the recent history of U.K. urban politics. Following the local entrepreneurialism promoted by the Thatcher governments in the 1980s, they trace the gradual emergence of a more inclusive approach to urban policy. This shift, which began with the Major government in the early 1990s, marks a move toward a more community-orientated vision of social regeneration. Through a survey of the evolution of partnership styles and economic development in Leeds and informed by recent cross-national work on regime theory, the authors provide insights into the structural factors that have shaped the formation, composition, and actions of local coalitions in U.K. governance.

International audience ; Research on the geography of urban and regional economic development in the U.S.A. and Europe often emphasizes the contribution of supply-side entrepreneurial local policies to the development and competitiveness of new economic spaces (NES) in and around city-regions. Such policies include public-private partnerships and new forms of regional governance. As hitherto successful NES mature, a newer set of struggles has emerged in particular cities and regions having important clusters of new economic activities. These involve new demands for collective provision of infrastructure, workforce housing and services. Using evidence from Greater Boston in the U.S. and the Cambridge city-region in the U.K., the paper proposes a set of concepts with which to investigate the new territorial politics of collective provision. This politics is an increasingly significant yet under-theorised aspect of the social regulation and competitiveness of NES.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction: Climate Urbanism-Towards a Research Agenda -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 What Is Climate Urbanism? -- 1.3 Climate Urbanism and Transformative Action -- 1.4 Knowing Climate Urbanism -- 1.5 Climate Urbanism as a New Communal Project -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part I: What Is Climate Urbanism? -- 2: For a Minor Perspective on Climate Urbanism: Towards a Decolonial Research Praxis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Climate Urbanism as Just a Neo-colonial Project? -- 2.3 Postcolonial Thinking as a Way of Seeing, Decoloniality as a Research Praxis -- 2.4 Decolonizing Climate Urbanism -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Climate Urbanism and the Implications for Climate Apartheid -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 From Sustainable Urbanism to Climate Urbanism -- 3.3 Defining and Deconstructing Climate Urbanism -- 3.4 Against Climate Apartheid and Toward a Transformative Climate Urbanism -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4: The New Climate Urbanism: Old Capitalism with Climate Characteristics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Metropolitan (Urban-Urban) Dynamics of Exclusionary Resilience -- 4.3 Territorial (Urban-Rural) Dynamics of Extractive Resilience -- 4.4 Conclusion: Imagining Alternative Climate Urbanisms -- References -- 5: Understanding the Governance of a New Climate Urbanism -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Institutionalization of Climate Policy -- 5.3 Implementing Urban Climate Policy -- 5.4 Policy Coherence and Competition -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Climate Urbanism and Transformative Action -- 6: Urban Climate Imaginaries and Climate Urbanism -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Urban Climate Imaginaries -- 6.3 The Urban Within the International Climate Regime -- Methodology.

As urban centres of agglomeration expand and compete for investment, new demands may arise for additional housing, infrastructure, and services. Failure to meet these demands imposes costs on firms and workers, stifles expansion, and potentially compromises the long-run economic competitiveness of the growth area. Drawing on evidence from Germany (Munich), Sweden (Stockholm), and the UK (Cambridge) this paper examines the organisational and political challenges of growth facilitation in the context of post-Keynesian political and economic restructuring. Particular emphasis is placed on tensions arising from changes in the form and function of European state social regulation. These tensions are not simply a matter of neoliberal regulatory deficit but reflect broader societal cleavages in relation to the uneven spatial impact of local economic growth. Deploying the concept of territorial structures of growth facilitation provides a conceptual framework for taking forward research on the relationship between state spatial regulation, state restructuring, and the competitiveness of city-regions.

There is evidence that the politics of economic development in the post‐industrial city is increasingly bound up with the ability of urban elites to manage ecological impacts and environmental demands emanating from within and outside the urban area. More than simply a question of promoting quality of life in cities in response to interurban competition and pressures from local residents, the greening of the urban growth machine reflects changes in state rules and incentives structuring urban governance as part of an evolving geopolitics of nature and the environment. The adoption of principles and practices of ecological modernization potentially represents a dramatic shift in the social regulation of urban governance away from unconstrained neoliberalized modes. In this article we explore how different demands on and for urban environmental policy have played out vis‐à‐vis changing modes and practices of governance in two English post‐industrial cities. We explore differences in the ways that entrepreneurial urban regimes have sought to incorporate the green agenda (Leeds), or insulate themselves from ecological dissent (Manchester). We further attempt to conceptualize evolving urban economy‐environment relations in the UK in terms of an ensemble of governance practices, strategies, alliances and discourses that enables the local state to manage, though not necessarily resolve, seemingly conflicting economic, social and environmental demands at different scales of territoriality. Here we propose the notion of an 'urban sustainability fix' to describe the selective incorporation of ecological objectives in local territorial structures during an era of ecological modernization.Dans les villes post‐industrielles, la politique de développement économique semble liée de plus en plus étroitement à l'aptitude des élites urbaines à gérer les impacts écologiques et les exigences environnementales venus de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur. Au‐delà de la simple défense d'une qualité de vie en ville, répondant à la concurrence interurbaine et aux pressions des habitants, l'intégration de la cause Verte dans la machine de croissance urbaine reflète les nouvelles règles et mesures d'encouragement étatiques qui structurent la gouvernance des villes dans le cadre d'une géopolitique évolutive de la nature et de l'environnement. L'adoption de principes et pratiques de modernisation écologique pourrait traduire un revirement dans la régulation sociale de la gouvernance urbaine, en remplaçant la totale latitude des réponses néolibérales. L'article explore comment les demandes variées de et en politique urbaine d'environnement se sont exercées dans le contexte changeant des modalités et pratiques de gouvernance de deux villes post‐industrielles anglaises. Il s'intéresse aux différences de démarches qu'ont adoptées des régimes urbains ayant l'esprit d'entreprise pour incorporer le programme vert (Leeds) ou s'affranchir de la dissidence écologique (Manchester). De plus, il s'efforce de conceptualiser les relations évolutives économie‐environnement dans le cadre urbain britannique en tant qu'ensemble de pratiques de gouvernance, stratégies, alliances et discours permettant à l'État local de gérer (sans toujours les satisfaire) des exigences économiques, sociales et environnementales apparemment contradictoires, et ce aux différents échelons de territorialité. La notion de 'solution de durabilité urbaine' est proposée pour décrire l'intégration sélective d'objectifs écologiques dans les structures territoriales locales pendant une phase de modernisation écologique.

English
Over the last decade all English local authorities have developed strategies for a sustainable local environment in line with Local Agenda 21 (LA21) principles. Under New Labour, local government is being modernised, creating opportunities to advance LA21 from process to strategy. The article examines local environmental governance after LA21 in three local authority areas in northern England: Manchester, Leeds and Lancashire. Drawing on neo-Gramscian state theory and its concept of the spatial selectivity of the national state, emphasis is placed on an actual local politics of environmental policy making vis-à-vis the ideal of ecological modernisation. Local environmental strategies are not only linked to changing national priorities but also reflect the particular economic, environmental and political challenges impacting on decision making in each locality. The concept of local state strategic selectivity is proposed.