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California needs a centralized authority for linking the state's administrative data. Legislators are focusing on newdatasetsand datasystems, which is a step in the right direction.But what the state truly needs is a newofficewith a clear mandate to link the state's core data assets, a clear set of tools for doing so, and governance that ensures data are used to inform program improvement. Think of it as the state's Census Bureau – or "Statistics California."We propose here a roadmap toward that goal: (1) create a new, independent office with the mandate and expertise to link data across siloes, (2) sequence the linkage process by starting with education and expanding outward, and (3) establish streamlined governance that makes data available to improve state policies and programs.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.

This article analyzes the development practices & foreign relations of Kwame Nkrumah during his nine-year regime as Ghana's first postindependence leader. It reinterprets Nkrumah's policies by situating them historically with the emergence of postwar global development discourses & geopolitically on the Third World battlefield of the Cold War. Nkrumah utilized his position at the crossroads of multiple modernities to implement a pan-African ideology. Nkrumah's ideology & policy led to a more globalized politics that emphasized supranational goals over national interest. However, these same shifts that marked his influence on the social imaginary were also limited by the political possibilities of his time. This new exploration of the contradictions of Nkrumah's rule has important implications for new global movements & organizations seeking to go beyond the nation-state framework. Adapted from the source document.

The federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), and its state counterpart, the California Earned Income Tax Credit (CalEITC), provided low-income Californians with a nearly $7 billion boost in 2018. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the approximately 2.8 million households who claimed the credits, including household size, which households are claiming both credits, the financial impacts, and a county-by-county breakdown, including the average amount of each credit claimed in each county. The California legislature and Governor Newsom approved a significant expansion to the CalEITC in 2019. The expansion is expected to double the amount of CalEITC credits claimed, and coupled with a new Young Child Tax Credit, the total value of the state credits is expected to reach $1 billion. This report provides an important roadmap for policymakers interested in understanding who this important anti-poverty program reaches in California.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.

Counties across California report that a large bulk of government programs and services are used by a relatively small group of familiar faces who cycle in and out of hospitals, homeless shelters, behavioral health programs, and jails. This report focuses on "high utilizers" in Sonoma County who use government programs and services provided in five domains: physical health, behavioral health, housing, human services, and criminal justice. While high utilizers in Sonoma County represent approximately 1% of the county population, they account for an average of 26% of jail time, 28% of annual costs for behavioral health services, and 52% of nights in housing or shelters provided to the homeless.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grant MRP-19-600774.

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government stopped requiring payment on most federal student loans. This "payment pause" was originally set to expire in September 2020, but after several extensions it is set to expire May 1, 2022. Using anonymized credit records, we describe who was affected by the payment pause, how it impacted their finances, and what might happen when the payment pause ends. The payment pause affected the vast majority of student loan borrowers, and their average overall debt obligations fell by $210 (equivalent to one-third of their installment loan payments). The payment pause improved credit standing among affected borrowers. Delinquency rates dropped from 7% to 0%, and credit scores increased by an average of nearly 30 points, concentrated especially among borrowers with lower starting credit scores. We predict that three in ten borrowers — or nearly 8 million people — are at high risk of missing payments when the payment pause ends. These borrowers owe nearly $280 billion in paused student loans. Though we cannot directly observe the racial identity of these borrowers, they are more likely to live in neighborhoods with a high proportion of Black residents than other paused borrowers.This work has been supported, in part, by the University of California Multicampus Research Programs and Initiatives grants MRP-19-600774 and M21PR3278.

Front Matter -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Socio-Cognitive Abilities in Animals as the Object of Science-and What Has Been Neglected Thus Far -- Questions and Objectives of the Book -- Socio-Cognitive Abilities in Animals -- The Concept of Cognition and the Concept of Consciousness -- Culture in Animals? -- Language in Animals? -- Theory of Mind in Animals? -- Summary and Transition -- The Relevance of Socio-Cognitive Abilities in Animals for Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare -- Kinship and Responsibility: the Moral Status of Animals -- Kinship and Responsibility: the Discrepancy between Ethical Demands and the Status Quo -- Summary -- Discussion -- Cognitive Kinship and the Concept of an Evolutionary Self -- A Comparison of Arguments -- Possibilities of Modifying Personhood Rights for Animals -- Alternative: Turn the Focus Back to the Suffering of Animals? -- Final Evaluation of Personhood Rights for Animals -- Back Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Index.