Suchergebnisse

Preliminary Material -- "Trading Religions": Foundational and Introductory Matters /Peter Wick and Volker Rabens -- With the Grain Came the Gods from the Orient to Rome: The Example of Serapis and Some Systematic Reflections /Christoph Auffarth -- Localizing the Buddha's Presence at Wayside Shrines in Northern Pakistan /Jason Neelis -- When the Greeks Converted the Buddha: Asymmetrical Transfers of Knowledge in Indo-Greek Cultures /Georgios T. Halkias -- The Buddhakṣetra of Bodhgaya: Saṅgha, Exchanges and Trade Networks /Abhishek Singh Amar -- "Trading Religions" and "Visible Religion" in the Ancient Near East /Izak Cornelius -- Trading the Symbols of the Goddess Nanaya /Joan Goodnick Westenholz -- "Trading Religions" from Bronze Age Iran to Bactria /Sylvia Winkelmann -- From World Religion to World Dominion: Trading, Translation and Institution-building in Tibet /Michael Willis -- Religious Transformation between East and West: Hanukkah in the Babylonian Talmud and Zoroastrianism /Geoffrey Herman -- Sharing the Concept of God among Trading Prophets: Reading the Poems Attributed to Umayya born Abī Ṣalt /Al Makin -- Trading Institutions: The Design of Daoist Monasticism /Livia Kohn -- Philo's Attractive Ethics on the "Religious Market" of Ancient Alexandria /Volker Rabens -- Traveling Ethics: The Case of the Household Codes in Ephesians 5:21–6:9 in Cross-Cultural Perspective /Loren T. Stuckenbruck -- Index.

Neutestamentliche Schriften inkludieren mehr Motive und Inhalte aus der faszinierenden Welt der Mysterienkulte, als dies in ihrem jüdischen Kontext möglich war. Diese Studie zeichnet die Integration dieser religiösen Elemente minutiös nach und entfaltet die interkulturelle und Theologie generierende Relevanz solcher Inklusionen bei Paulus, Markus, Johannes und in der Apostelgeschichte. Die gebärende und hervorbringende Fruchtbarkeit, die Aufhebung von Antinomien u. a. von Tod und Leben, das Geheimnis als unauslotbares Mysterion und Vieles mehr werden in solche neutestamentliche Schriften integriert, während andere diese konsequent zurückdrängen

Arbeit - Praxis und Ethos: Eine Einführung in neutestamentliche Ansätze -- Arbeit und Arbeiten. Beggriffe und ihre Sinnfülle im Neuen Testament -- Arbeiten und Teilen. Uberlegungen zum sozialen Handeln und zur solidarischen Versorgung im Neuen Testament -- Prekäre Arbeitsverhältnisse. Lohn und Lohnverzug im Alten Testment -- Wie streng hielt man den Sabbat im Frühjudentum? Praktische Uberlegungen zu einem theologischen Thema -- Zur sozialen Wahrnehmung der Bestattungsarbeiter im kaiserzeitlichen und früchristlichen Agypten -- Harte Arbeit? Arbeitsformen und Arbeitsbedingungen im römischen imperium -- Jenseits der Arbeit. Mussestunden, Humor und Festfreuden Jesu -- Mittelbare Lebensgefahr. Die Wiederherstellung der Arbeitsfähigkeit in Mk 3, 1-6 parr. -- Arbeit und Nächstenliebe. Der Durchbruch des Glaubens (Mk 2, 1-12) -- Arbeiter im Weinberg. Der Beruf der Jünger Jesus -- Hören und Handeln. Maria und Martha - lukansich und johanneisch -- "Nichtsnutzige Sklaven". Zur Konzeptualisierung von Arbeit in Gleichniserzählungen des lukanischen Sondergutes -- Arbeit am Weinstock. Joh 15, 1-8 im Spiegel des antiken Weinbaus -- Paulus der Arbeiter. Die Missionspraxis und der Lebensunterhalt des Völkerapostels -- Von der eigenen Hände Arbeit leben - Arbeitsethos in der paulinischen Tradition -- Ora et labora in der Offenbarung des Johannes. Ein Kapitel neutestamentlicher Sozialethik

Abstract
Inhalation is one of the most pertinent routes of exposure to nanoscale materials in occupational settings. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is an emerging 2D material attracting significant attention due to its superior electrical, chemical, and thermal properties. For a successful commercial application of 2D-hBN, it is of key importance to understand their safety in occupational settings. However, long-term toxicity profile of this material is largely unknown. Here, an investigation of how 2D-hBN (obtained from Graphene Flagship consortium) interacts with lung cells of healthy versus diseased individuals has been performed. We used air−liquid interface-based exposure models to investigate the potential long-term toxicity of 2D-hBN in human lung airway epithelial cells (Calu-3) and 3D reconstituted airway epithelia (MucilairTM) of healthy and asthmatic subjects. Our results revealed that 2D-hBN was taken up by cells but did not trigger cytotoxicity at occupationally relevant repeated dose exposure for five weeks. However, screening of an immuno-cytokine/chemokine panel indicated an enhanced release of certain cytokines after exposure to 2D-hBN. In addition, we observed a pronounced intracellular accumulation of lipids in lipid droplets after exposure to 2D-hBN. Since lipid intermediates can play important roles in immune-cell activation and the development of lung diseases, we are currently analysing whether 2D-hBN induces alterations in lipid composition in healthy and asthmatic cells by applying global lipidomic profiling. Overall, our data indicate a potential correlation of certain lipid accumulation with enhanced immune signaling, highlighting the need for further studies to understand if 2D-hBN can sensitize for or aggravate pulmonary diseases.

Abstract
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations of products containing nanomaterials are limited in their comprehensiveness by the lack of characterization factors linking nanomaterial emissions to their impacts on human health. This is mainly due to the scarcity of animal toxicological data compared to the number of existing nanomaterials, a constraint that could be lifted if in vivo data could be substituted by in vitro data to calculate nanomaterials' effect factors (EF). To support a future animal-independent LCA methodology, we present a step-by-step procedure to calculate in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation factors to estimate human Benchmark Doses and subsequently in vitro-based EFs for inhaled non-soluble nanomaterials. Titanium dioxide, amorphous silica, cerium oxide and crystalline silica are presented as case studies. Based on mouse data, the in vitro-based EF of TiO2 is between 2.76*10-4 and 1.10*10-3 cases/(m2/g *kg intake), depending on the aerodynamic size of the particle, which is in good agreement with in vivo-based EFs (1.51*10-4 - 5.6*10-2 cases/(m2/g *kg intake)). The EF for amorphous silica is in a similar range as for TiO2, but the result is less robust due to only few in vivo data available. The discrepancy between in vivo and animal in vitro data in terms of availability and quality limits the coverage of further nanomaterials. While the work focused on LCA, the procedure can be easily adapted for risk assessment as well, thus increasing the relevance of our findings.

Abstract
The growing production of graphene oxide (GO) and GO-based products has led to an increased risk of human exposure and caused scientific and public concern about human health and safety. Even though human exposure to GO can occur via different pathways, the main exposure route for airborn GO is through the lungs, thus placing the respiratory tract at particular risk. Occupational exposure to GO might occur repeatedly over a prolonged period of time but insights on lung toxicity of long-term repeated GO administration is largely lacking. Moreover, there is a risk that GO co-exposure with prevalent lung pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP)) could increase the susceptibility to lung infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of repeated and prolonged GO exposure in healthy and SP-infected lungs using well-characterized materials with distinct properties and reconstituted primary human bronchial epithelial cultures. Our results revealed that GO had no major toxicity effects on healthy airway epithelium even upon prolonged exposure, but alterations in inflammatory/immune signaling was apparent and showed a correlation with the lateral particle size. GO pre-exposure slightly altered the response of the airway epithelium towards subsequent SP infection as evidenced by a decreased mitochondrial activity, increased bacterial translocation and altered inflammatory/immune responses. Whole genome transcriptomic profiling is ongoing to gain insights in deregulated genes and pathways following chronic GO administration. Our findings on the health risks of GO inhalation in healthy and infected human lung is important to risk assessment and management of this promising material.

Graphene is the enabling material of the 21st century and there are high expectations for its potential applications. A clear and consistent system describing the various derivatives of graphene promotes a precise vocabulary for the family of graphene-based materials. This will be a prerequisite, for example, to understand structure–activity relationships in the context of human health and safety and to avoid generalizations about the capabilities and limitations of graphenebased materials. Within the European Union's GRAPHENE Flagship project, three physical-chemical descriptors specific for graphene were defined to assist in the classification of graphene-based materials.

International audience ; Graphene is the enabling material of the 21st century andthere are high expectations for its potential applications. Aclear and consistent system describing the various derivativesof graphene promotes a precise vocabulary for the family ofgraphene-based materials. This will be a prerequisite, forexample, to understand structure–activity relationships in thecontext of human health and safety and to avoid generalizationsabout the capabilities and limitations of graphenebasedmaterials. Within the European Union's GRAPHENEFlagship project, three physical-chemical descriptors specificfor graphene were defined to assist in the classification ofgraphene-based materials.

International audience ; Graphene is the enabling material of the 21st century andthere are high expectations for its potential applications. Aclear and consistent system describing the various derivativesof graphene promotes a precise vocabulary for the family ofgraphene-based materials. This will be a prerequisite, forexample, to understand structure–activity relationships in thecontext of human health and safety and to avoid generalizationsabout the capabilities and limitations of graphenebasedmaterials. Within the European Union's GRAPHENEFlagship project, three physical-chemical descriptors specificfor graphene were defined to assist in the classification ofgraphene-based materials.

International audience ; Graphene is the enabling material of the 21st century andthere are high expectations for its potential applications. Aclear and consistent system describing the various derivativesof graphene promotes a precise vocabulary for the family ofgraphene-based materials. This will be a prerequisite, forexample, to understand structure–activity relationships in thecontext of human health and safety and to avoid generalizationsabout the capabilities and limitations of graphenebasedmaterials. Within the European Union's GRAPHENEFlagship project, three physical-chemical descriptors specificfor graphene were defined to assist in the classification ofgraphene-based materials.