Investorenschutz und Gemeinwohl in der Europäischen Union – Die Rechtsdurchsetzung zwischen Privatinitiative und öffentlichem Interesse
In: Privatrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Verfassungsrecht, S. 867-875
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In: Privatrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Verfassungsrecht, S. 867-875
In: GPR: Zeitschrift für das Privatrecht der Europäischen Union ; European Union private law review ; revuè de droit privé de l'Union européenne, Band 4, Heft 6
ISSN: 2364-7213, 2193-9519
In: GPR: Zeitschrift für das Privatrecht der Europäischen Union ; European Union private law review ; revuè de droit privé de l'Union européenne, Band 3, Heft 1
ISSN: 2364-7213, 2193-9519
In: Jahrbuch des Föderalismus: Föderalismus, Subsidiarität und Regionen in Europa, Band 3, S. 541-551
ISSN: 1616-6558
In: Europarecht, Band 36, Heft 2, S. 185-215
ISSN: 0531-2485
World Affairs Online
In: Europarecht, Band 34, Heft 1, S. 49-86
ISSN: 0531-2485
World Affairs Online
In: Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht: ZaöRV = Heidelberg journal of international law : HJIL, Band 57, Heft 2/3, S. 363-408
ISSN: 0044-2348
World Affairs Online
In: Integration Europas und Ordnung der Weltwirtschaft 11
World Affairs Online
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 14, Heft 8, S. 1041-1051
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 66, S. 199-207
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Journal of Industrial Ecology, Band 20, Heft 4, S. 676-691
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Metrics on resource productivity currently used by governments suggest that some developed countries have increased the use of natural resources at a slower rate than economic growth (relative decoupling) or have even managed to use fewer resources over time (absolute decoupling). Using the material footprint (MF), a consumption-based indicator of resource use, we find the contrary: Achievements in decoupling in advanced economies are smaller than reported or even nonexistent. We present a time series analysis of the MF of 186 countries and identify material flows associated with global production and consumption networks in unprecedented specificity. By calculating raw material equivalents of international trade, we demonstrate that countries' use of nondomestic resources is, on average, about threefold larger than the physical quantity of traded goods. As wealth grows, countries tend to reduce their domestic portion of materials extraction through international trade, whereas the overall mass of material consumption generally increases. With every 10% increase in gross domestic product, the average national MF increases by 6%. Our findings call into question the sole use of current resource productivity indicators in policy making and suggest the necessity of an additional focus on consumption-based accounting for natural resource use.
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