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"This was my rudest awakening that I was Jewish. I was not Polish, I was horrified!" Cesia Honig, from Tarnów, perceived herself as a Polish patriot until 1938, when she was insulted for being a Jew by Gentiles, who claimed to be the only so-called real Polish patriots. In the late 1930s, a polyvalent sense of belonging was no longer acceptable in Poland's public sphere, although urban spaces during the Second Polish Republic had been multiethnic realms of interaction. Excluded from the Polish nation by local compatriots, Cesia painfully experienced being turned into the Other in a community to which she thought she belonged. This article explores interethnic relations in the local community of Tarnów, a western Galician town, during the interwar period. It leans on late witness testimonies, which are read against contemporary sources. The article dwells into dense contact zones between Jews and non-Jews in the urban space. Special attention is paid to the role of schools. As this paper shows, social class also played a salient role in shaping narratives of belonging.

As elsewhere in Poland, the German occupation deeply disrupted the relations and social dynamics between the non-Jewish population and the Jews in Tarnów from the very first day. Investigating housing, property and the urban space in a society under occupation, in a Kräftefeld dominated by the German occupiers, offers new insights into this relationship. It traces the notions of an ethnically encoded urban space back into the interwar period. It shows, how ethnic Poles came to understand the urban landscape as a battlefield already before 1939, and links this discourse to their subsequent stance towards the German occupation. Since almost half of Tarnów's inhabitants was of Jewish origin, the rapid expropriation of Jewish businesses and real estate and the subsequent murder of their owners in 1942 offered opportunities to non-Jewish Poles to become trustees. While the German occupiers where the primary beneficiaries, local inhabitants took part in the pillage. Some resisted. After the liquidation of the ghetto, few traces of the city's Jewish history and heritage remained.

Kleinmann, Yvonne: Städtische Gemeinschaft : Christen und Juden im frühneuzeitlichen Rzeszów. - S. 3-23

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