Suchergebnisse

Background  There is an absence of research concerning the assessment of housing support worker job performance, particularly in the development of job performance measures that reflect the priorities of people with intellectual disabilities and their families.Method  A worker‐oriented job analysis method was used to develop four short job performance measures for direct housing support staff, from the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities (n = 82), family members (n = 38), support staff (n = 122) and service managers (n = 115).Results  All four job performance measures showed adequate internal and test–retest reliability and showed very few associations with staff and resident characteristics, although there were no associations between the job performance measures. The service user and manager‐rated job performance measures showed the widest range of associations with aspects of staff well‐being, service quality and service user choice and satisfaction with life, and show the most promise as short, practical measures of the job performance of direct housing support workers.Conclusions  These methods of developing job performance measures show promise, and further investigation of user‐defined staff competencies is warranted.

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have a high risk of developing mental ill‐health. Treatment is often neglected and diagnosis is misattributed to a person's disability. Standard psychosocial interventions can improve a person's well‐being. This review aimed to understand what interventions are being delivered, any benefits, and future recommendations.MethodsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the review registered with PROSPERO—CRD42020160254. Databases searched included: MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO. A framework synthesis approach was used to present the findings.ResultsThere are limited psychosocial interventions offered for this population. When groups are delivered having a creative element, multiple activities over a short period of time, with breaks and group rules outcomes can be improved.ConclusionsAdaptations and reasonable adjustments should be used specifically to a person's ability. A mixed‐method design allows people to share their experiences alongside quantitative data that provides clinical information.

Exposure to stressful and potentially traumatic experiences is a risk for military personnel and for some this may increase susceptibility to reduced well-being. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effectiveness of preventative interventions to promote the well-being of military personnel adjusting to civilian life. Electronic databases were searched including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, PILOTS, PAIS International, CENTRAL, HMIC, Project Cork, in addition to US and UK defence libraries. Nine articles, all conducted in the USA, were included in the review. Articles were synthesised narratively and assessed for bias against established criteria. The studies evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for current and former military personnel. The interventions included expressive writing, anger management, psycho-education, and techniques to promote relaxation, connection in relationships and resilience. Interventions had some significant positive effects mostly for veterans adjusting to civilian life and other family members. There was much heterogeneity in the design and the outcome measures used in the studies reviewed. The review highlights the need for future robust trials examining the effectiveness of well-being interventions in military groups with diverse characteristics; in addition qualitative research to explore a conceptualisation of well-being for this group and the acceptability of interventions which may be perceived as treatment. The results of the review will be of interest to a number of stakeholders in military, public health and mental health settings.