Suchergebnisse

The global aviation industry has been increasingly urged to reduce their CO2 emissions. To achieve this, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have successfully adopted various operational, technological, and air traffic management/infrastructural measures. However, they have also implemented market-based regulatory measures, including the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA). Additionally, regional measures, such as the European emission trading system (ETS), nationwide political measures, such as flight taxes, and compensation programs by airlines also exist. Therefore, this study surveyed the impact of such measures, primarily on business travelers and their behavior, with a focus on Switzerland. Additionally, not only the impact of the first-last mile (airport access) was discussed, but also intermodal aspects like high-speed rails were debated. Results indicated that flight tax programs were found to have a weak impact on demand. The impact of COVID-19 was addressed and decreased travel frequency from COVID-19 may impact global flight emissions in the long term. Furthermore, passengers supported investments of flight-tax revenues in sustainable aviation technology; they did not support flight contingents. Conclusions are that taxes might generate additional airport traffic. An analysis about booking behaviors revealed fundamental differences in environmental terms. Finally, voluntary compensation was highly favored.

Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) has been characterized at the morphologic and genomic level. However, it is unclear how genomic heterogeneity is translated into functional proteome ITH. We addressed this question by performing a multi-region proteomic analysis of 60 biopsy-scale tissue samples from three prostate cancer patients using pressure cycling technology (PCT) and SWATH mass spectrometry. We quantified the degree of ITH for 1,906 proteins in malignant and benign tissue. The majority of proteins displayed a relatively low degree of ITH and benign tissue exhibited generally more complex patterns of ITH than malignant tissue. Further, we developed an ITH-corrected protein fold-change measure and demonstrated in an independent patient cohort that this new measure rescued potentially clinically relevant protein markers and stratified patients. This study established a strategy for quantifying proteome-scale ITH, generated a data resource of the proteomic ITH in prostate cancers, and demonstrated the value of considering ITH for tumor characterization. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 668858. This work was supported (in part) by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 15.0324-2. The opinions expressed and arguments employed therein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Swiss Government. ; The information in this document is provided as is, and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The content of this document reflects only the author's view - the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The users use the information at their sole risk and liability.