Suchergebnisse

Aerial Propaganda and the Wartime Occupation of France, 1914-1918 explores the combined role played by the French and British Governments and Armies in creating and distributing millions of aerial newspapers and leaflets aimed at the French population trapped behind German lines. Drawing on extensive research and French, German and British primary sources, the book highlights a previously unknown aspect of psychological warfare that challenges the established interpretation that the occupied populations lived in a state of total isolation and that the Allied governments had no desire to provide them with morale support. Instead a very different picture emerges from this study, which demonstrates that aerial propaganda not only played a fundamental role in raising morale in the occupied territories but also fuelled resistance and clandestine publications. This book demonstrates that the existing historiographical portrayal of the occupied civilian as an uninformed victim must be replaced by a more nuanced interpretation.

La première guerre mondiale fut le théâtre d'une propagande sans précédent. Les nouvelles technologies, et principalement l'aviation, furent utilisées afin de disséminer des pamphlets et journaux à destination des soldats ennemis et des populations occupées. Les différentes conventions et lois internationales régissant les conflits n'avaient pas anticipé cette forme de guerre et le sort réservé aux soldats la pratiquant. Les Allemands décidèrent en 1917 de juger devant une cour martiale deux équipages britanniques accusés d'avoir participé à des missions de propagande. Cette volonté de poursuivre des soldats sur base d'une législation inexistante allait provoquer de profonds remous dans les états-majors alliés et soulever la question du droit aérien. Le présent article vise à examiner les législations en vigueur, la situation de la propagande aérienne ainsi que les incidents qui émaillèrent la distribution de celle-ci durant le conflit.

La France et la Belgique occupées sont, durant la Première Guerre mondiale, l'objet d'une propagande intensive orchestrée par l'autorité allemande. Le journal le plus important est sans aucun doute la Gazette des Ardennes dont le rayonnement s'étend jusqu'en territoire libre. Cet organe pamphlétaire utilise la politique étrangère de la Grande-Bretagne comme thématique principale. L'hostilité historique avec la France ainsi que la politique coloniale agressive sont utilisées sans modération afin de modeler l'image d'un pays cynique, calculateur et dépourvu de toute humanité. Une multitude d'articles, poèmes et caricatures sont publiés durant les quatre années d'existence du journal. Le présent article vise à examiner la façon dont cette propagande fut orchestrée. Les thèmes principaux, ainsi que les formes employées, sont détaillés ainsi que la réponse apportée par la Grande-Bretagne.

"This book chronicles the escapes attempted by Belgian soldiers and civilians from Nazi-occupied Europe during the Second World War. Insofar as is practical, the authors have tried to let the subjects speak for themselves by making extensive use of their testimonies preserved in archives in Belgium and the United Kingdom. The book begins with the stories of soldiers who managed to evade capture in the summer of 1940 and returned home, and the few that decided to continue the fight and joined the Allied forces in the United Kingdom. It also includes the prisoners of war who managed to escape from camps or Arbeitskommando inside the Reich and provides a detailed analysis of their narratives; their motivation for going on the run, their choices on when and how to travel and the many obstacles they encountered along the way. Most escapees were content to return home, with some then joining resistance organizations, but a small minority were committed to joining the Allies and further chapters recount their attempts to reach Spain and Switzerland, and the additional problems they encountered in those neutral states. Final chapters reflect on the penalties inflicted on prisoners of war who were recaptured and on the escapees' struggle for recognition in the post-war world"--

Au printemps 1940, des milliers de réfugiés belges fuirent leurs foyers pour trouver refuge en France, réitérant ainsi l'exode de l'été 1914. Nombre d'entre eux transitèrent par le département de l'Eure, certains y demeurant quelques jours, d'autres quelques semaines. L'étude de l'exode à l'échelle du département eurois permet de saisir certaines dynamiques spécifiques, de l'ordre de la solidarité familiale ou de la réinsertion économique et sociale, même très provisoire. Elle met au jour des temporalités diverses, à travers l'insertion de l'exode dans des phénomènes migratoires plus anciens. Elle révèle, enfin, des stratégies spécifiques à certains individus ou petits groupes, permettant de mettre à distance l'image d'une foule de misérables apeurés fuyant éperdument la guerre et l'occupation, d'une masse informe et sans projet.

This article explores Anglophobia as a topic in German wartime propaganda aimed at military and civilian communities of France. Anti-British topics were at the centre of a large campaign of propaganda designed to undermine French morale during the two world wars. This study will investigate the goals, the content, and the effects of Anglophobia in France to determine the relation between these two campaigns of psychological warfare. It will be argued that the Nazis and the Vichy regime almost entirely replicated the original production of Anglophobic propaganda in the occupied territories of France during the First World War. This article will also show that Anglophobia almost invariably failed to convince the French population.

The collapse of the French army in 1940 is a well-researched topic in Second World War Studies but a surprising gap in the historiography emerges when it comes to the study of the French military prior to the German offensive of May 1940. Using various public and private sources in different languages, this book aims to address this gap by studying morale on the frontline and its management by the French Government, the Grand Quartier Général, at the scale of the regiment and on a personal level. This research also investigates German and British propaganda in French and aimed at the French sector of the frontline in order to offer the first comprehensive comparative study of French army morale in any language.