Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this thesis is to chart the highs and lows of a journey towards learner autonomy which I took in the company of students from the degree of English Philology, studying the course of English Language, at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The motivation for carrying out a study of this nature arises from the observation that, although learner autonomy now enjoys widespread legislative support, this still appears to have relatively little impact on students¿ learning in many contexts. This study therefore sets out to explore some of the reasons for this gap between theory and practice, and to look for ways of bridging the gap. The study is based on socio-constructivist psychology, (Vygotsky 1978; Bruner 1966) and draws on the work of experts in language learner autonomy such as Benson (2001), Dam (1995), Dickinson (1996), Legenhausen (1999, 2001, 2010), Little (1991), Riley (1988, 2009) etc. as well as work in the field of language counselling, (including Gremmo 1995; Karlsson 2008; Mynard 2011; Mozzon-McPherson 2006). - contenido de la investigación The thesis is based on a three-year Action Research study. My aim was to thrash out a 'pedagogy for autonomy' which developed out of a realistic appreciation of the educational and cultural background of my students and to use the learners' voices to tease out lessons for the practitioner. A wide range of data collection procedures were used to ascertain student reactions, the impact of the activities on students and teacher alike, the problems encountered and solutions arrived at along the way. The sources of data vary from reflective questionnaires to individual interviews and group `learning-to-learn¿ tutorials. Perhaps the most novel aspect of the study was the implementation of a series of 'Group Learning-to-Learn Tutorials' designed to ease the transition to a more autonomous approach. These sessions allowed the exploration of group construction of metacognitive knowledge, in line with the dialogic approach to learning taken throughout the study. - conclusión The study revealed an overall positive reaction from students, with significant changes in their attitudes and behaviours over the course of the investigation with regard to their learning process and their role within it. The nature of the study allowed an in-depth discussion of the types of problem encountered and helped to generate a number of guide-lines which could be helpful to teachers wishing to further develop learner autonomy in contexts similar to this one.

The translation of Christian doctrine into Amerindian languages during the Spanish colonial period raises important questions for translation studies, which call for multi- and interdisciplinary analysis.In this article we provide a review of the literature on missionary linguistics and how such cultural encounters have been approached. In particular, we reflect on the contact between the Nahuas and the missionaries in the New Spain during the 16th century from a philosophical perspective in order to analyse two examples of translation for evangelical purposes, taken from the Coloquios de 1524 by Fray Bernardino Sahagún (1986). In the process, we will comment on certain similarities between colonial times and current events and note the relevance of concepts pertaining to the fields of linguistics, translation studies and philosophy for the analysis of the problem of intercultural communication and the political and cultural bases underlying the New Spanish case. This leads us to question to what extent these translations, carried out in collaboration between the indigenous population and the missionaries, were a relevant factor in terms of cultural resistance in the face of the colonialist aggression of religious imposition. ; La traducción de la doctrina cristiana a las lenguas nativas americanas durante la época colonial española presenta importantes cuestionamientos a la traductología, los cuales incitan al análisis multi- e interdisciplinar. En el presente artículo, revisamos el estado de la cuestión de la lingüística misional y del tratamiento que se ha dado al encuentro cultural, particularmente al acontecido entre indígenas nahuas y misioneros en la Nueva España durante el siglo XVI, desde la filosofía para realizar un análisis de dos ejemplos de traducción con fines de evangelización tomados de los Coloquios de 1524 de fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1986). Anotamos algunos paralelismos entre el caso colonial y ciertas iniciativas actuales y señalamos la pertinencia de algunos conceptos de la lingüística, la traductología y la filosofía para analizar el problema de la comunicación intercultural, así como el fundamento político y cultural que subyace al caso novohispano. Esto nos lleva a preguntarnos en qué medida estas traducciones, realizadas en colaboración por indígenas y misioneros, fueron un factor relevante de resistencia cultural ante los embates colonialistas de imposición religiosa. ; Producción Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas UAZ

[ES] La movilización etnocultural y su impacto en los vínculos entre ciudadanos y políticos en una comunidad política son importantes condicionantes de las circunstancias político económicas, el desarrollo y especialmente la competición partidista. Ambos aumentan la politización de la gobernanza económica y la intensa competición partidista posibilita que se acreciente la movilización etnocultural, de manera que los políticos tienen fuertes incentivos para desarrollar relaciones principal-agente clientelares. El desarrollo económico puede tener una influencia ambivalente, pero cuanto más posibilita una mayor prosperidad social, hace más accesibles los recursos para el juego redistributivo que moviliza a grupos etnoculturales alrededor de relaciones clientelares. Por supuesto, la movilización etnocultural se mantiene exógena a todos los demás factores causales en el grado que debe existir un espacio de viabilidad de indicadores culturales –preferentemente indicadores también asociados con impactos distributivos en la división del trabajo y la distribución de recompensas económicas en una sociedad– sin los cuales los políticos no podrían siquiera concebir una estrategia prometedora de interés en movilización etnocultural.

The translation of Christian doctrine into Amerindian languages during the Spanish colonial period raises important questions for translation studies, which call for multi- and interdisciplinary analysis.In this article we provide a review of the literature on missionary linguistics and how such cultural encounters have been approached. In particular, we reflect on the contact between the Nahuas and the missionaries in the New Spain during the 16th century from a philosophical perspective in order to analyse two examples of translation for evangelical purposes, taken from the Coloquios de 1524 by Fray Bernardino Sahagún (1986). In the process, we will comment on certain similarities between colonial times and current events and note the relevance of concepts pertaining to the fields of linguistics, translation studies and philosophy for the analysis of the problem of intercultural communication and the political and cultural bases underlying the New Spanish case. This leads us to question to what extent these translations, carried out in collaboration between the indigenous population and the missionaries, were a relevant factor in terms of cultural resistance in the face of the colonialist aggression of religious imposition. ; La traducción de la doctrina cristiana a las lenguas nativas americanas durante la época colonial española presenta importantes cuestionamientos a la traductología, los cuales incitan al análisis multi- e interdisciplinar. En el presente artículo, revisamos el estado de la cuestión de la lingüística misional y del tratamiento que se ha dado al encuentro cultural, particularmente al acontecido entre indígenas nahuas y misioneros en la Nueva España durante el siglo XVI, desde la filosofía para realizar un análisis de dos ejemplos de traducción con fines de evangelización tomados de los Coloquios de 1524 de fray Bernardino de Sahagún (1986). Anotamos algunos paralelismos entre el caso colonial y ciertas iniciativas actuales y señalamos la pertinencia de algunos conceptos de la lingüística, la traductología y la filosofía para analizar el problema de la comunicación intercultural, así como el fundamento político y cultural que subyace al caso novohispano. Esto nos lleva a preguntarnos en qué medida estas traducciones, realizadas en colaboración por indígenas y misioneros, fueron un factor relevante de resistencia cultural ante los embates colonialistas de imposición religiosa.

__Abstract__ We introduce this special issue by explaining seven characteristics of land grabbing in Latin America. These features are not unique to the region. By highlighting them – arguing, for instance, that a key aspect in Latin America is intra-regional land grabbing driven by (trans)Latina companies – we hope to inspire new cross-regional comparisons to understand the dynamics of "global" land grabbing. Our focus on Latin America challenges some problematic generalisations in the literature, for instance, that land grabs occur mainly in fragile states. We interrogate the relationship between land grabbing and the "foreignisation" narrative, and the need to revisit the broader question of land concentration. Thus we build upon the literature locating land grabs and the land question within the political economy of global capitalism.

The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration established to provide an independent, global monitoring system dedicated to tracking the emerging health profile of the changing climate. The 2020 report presents 43 indicators across five sections: climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement. This report represents the findings and consensus of the 35 leading academic institutions and UN agencies that make up The Lancet Countdown, and draws on the expertise of climate scientists, geographers, engineers, experts in energy, food, and transport, economists, social, and political scientists, data scientists, public health professionals, and doctors.