Suchergebnisse

The role of the primary school headteacher has evolved and current changes to the leadership landscape are influential in shaping this further, altering expectations of what it means to be an effective headteacher. This now includes being an effective system leader. This thesis explores the leadership qualities and practices needed by a primary headteacher to be an effective system leader. The study is carried out in seven large rural local authorities in England. It is a qualitative research study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 12 headteachers who are system leaders in the primary phase. Their specific roles are either as a national leader of education (NLE) and director of a teaching school alliance (TSA) or an executive headteacher. Effective school leadership is defined with reference to research related to the concept of learning-centred leadership. The leadership qualities and practices identified here are considered alongside emerging research into system leadership and form the background to this research. The responses from the telephone semi-structured interviews with the headteachers are submitted to thematic analysis which leads to the development of two models. One represents the connections between five leadership qualities following theme mapping and the other provides a framework for 12 leadership practices derived from network analysis. Although these are considered separately, the analysis of the findings draws links between the two models when appropriate. The findings reveal leadership practices that the primary headteachers employ specifically as part of their role as a system leader such as building 'home' school capacity, coaching and mentoring staff into leadership roles and establishing systems and structures in other schools. Recommendations relate to government policy on aspects of system leadership and the professional development of headteachers as system leaders in the primary phase that will support their development practically, intellectually and personally.

Capitalist expansion is predicated on consumption and growth driven by citizens following their individual preferences in the marketplace. To promote consumption and influence consumer wants and desire, propaganda is used to persuade citizens to purchase products using a wide and diverse range of techniques. In recent decades, this has involved an increase in the marketing of products and consumerist values to children through the education system and the broader media. This article argues that successive UK governments' public policy in this area has been characterized by inaction, inertia and contradiction and that the resulting policy disjunctures are at variance with their public rhetoric about the commercialization of childhood and professed objectives regarding the promotion of environmental awareness and sustainable lifestyles in schools.

The 2nd-3rd dynasties were crucial for the early development of Pharaonic civilization, yet they remain obscure due to a paucity of contemporary texts and securely dated material. The broad historical outline has been established with some certainty, but numerous questions remain unanswered. Royal funerary monuments dominate the archaeological record and help to chart changes in the underlying ideology. Religion as a whole was virtually indistinguishable from the royal cult, and the disconnect between state and private worship reflects a wider division between the ruling elite and the populace. Nevertheless, the demands of pyramid building led to the opening up and professionalization of government. Long-lasting initiatives to enhance economic productivity included better record-keeping, greater exploitation of Egypt's mineral wealth, and increased foreign trade.

The 2nd-3rd dynasties were crucial for the early development of Pharaonic civilization, yet they remain obscure due to a paucity of contemporary texts and securely dated material. The broad historical outline has been established with some certainty, but numerous questions remain unanswered. Royal funerary monuments dominate the archaeological record and help to chart changes in the underlying ideology. Religion as a whole was virtually indistinguishable from the royal cult, and the disconnect between state and private worship reflects a wider division between the ruling elite and the populace. Nevertheless, the demands of pyramid building led to the opening up and professionalization of government. Long-lasting initiatives to enhance economic productivity included better record-keeping, greater exploitation of Egypt's mineral wealth, and increased foreign trade.

The 2nd-3rd dynasties were crucial for the early development of Pharaonic civilization, yet they remain obscure due to a paucity of contemporary texts and securely dated material. The broad historical outline has been established with some certainty, but numerous questions remain unanswered. Royal funerary monuments dominate the archaeological record and help to chart changes in the underlying ideology. Religion as a whole was virtually indistinguishable from the royal cult, and the disconnect between state and private worship reflects a wider division between the ruling elite and the populace. Nevertheless, the demands of pyramid building led to the opening up and professionalization of government. Long-lasting initiatives to enhance economic productivity included better record-keeping, greater exploitation of Egypt's mineral wealth, and increased foreign trade.

The purpose of this thesis is to chart the highs and lows of a journey towards learner autonomy which I took in the company of students from the degree of English Philology, studying the course of English Language, at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The motivation for carrying out a study of this nature arises from the observation that, although learner autonomy now enjoys widespread legislative support, this still appears to have relatively little impact on students¿ learning in many contexts. This study therefore sets out to explore some of the reasons for this gap between theory and practice, and to look for ways of bridging the gap. The study is based on socio-constructivist psychology, (Vygotsky 1978; Bruner 1966) and draws on the work of experts in language learner autonomy such as Benson (2001), Dam (1995), Dickinson (1996), Legenhausen (1999, 2001, 2010), Little (1991), Riley (1988, 2009) etc. as well as work in the field of language counselling, (including Gremmo 1995; Karlsson 2008; Mynard 2011; Mozzon-McPherson 2006). - contenido de la investigación The thesis is based on a three-year Action Research study. My aim was to thrash out a 'pedagogy for autonomy' which developed out of a realistic appreciation of the educational and cultural background of my students and to use the learners' voices to tease out lessons for the practitioner. A wide range of data collection procedures were used to ascertain student reactions, the impact of the activities on students and teacher alike, the problems encountered and solutions arrived at along the way. The sources of data vary from reflective questionnaires to individual interviews and group `learning-to-learn¿ tutorials. Perhaps the most novel aspect of the study was the implementation of a series of 'Group Learning-to-Learn Tutorials' designed to ease the transition to a more autonomous approach. These sessions allowed the exploration of group construction of metacognitive knowledge, in line with the dialogic approach to learning taken throughout the study. - conclusión The study revealed an overall positive reaction from students, with significant changes in their attitudes and behaviours over the course of the investigation with regard to their learning process and their role within it. The nature of the study allowed an in-depth discussion of the types of problem encountered and helped to generate a number of guide-lines which could be helpful to teachers wishing to further develop learner autonomy in contexts similar to this one.

Despite considerable expansion in the scope and function of the state with respect to environmental protection, the world's biological diversity and ecosystem services continue to deteriorate. Finding ways to better govern human-nature relations in cities is an important part of addressing this decline. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential of social-ecological resilience to inform urban governance in theory and practice, through a focus on strategic spatial planning. Resilience has become an increasingly important urban policy discourse and much hope is placed in its potential to improve urban governance. However, there is an acknowledged gap between social-ecological resilience as an ideal and the ability to govern towards it in practice. At the time this doctoral research commenced there had been no engagement with social-ecological resilience in the planning theory literature and minimal engagement by empirical planning research. It is to this gap the thesis contributes. Social-ecological resilience scholarship is found to offer planning theory a partly new way of understanding complex human-nature relations. This is relevant to calls by planning theorists for more attention to matters of substance, including ecological processes. With respect to practice, planners see potential for social-ecological resilience to critically inform strategic spatial planning, including through the framing of problems, tools for analysis/synthesis and governance options. There are also however, lessons for social-ecological resilience scholarship that emerge from the detailed empirical research which suggests that attention to the politics of the everyday activities of administrators, elected officials, planning officials, conservationists and citizens operating within the so-called 'mangle of practice' is critical to explaining the gap between the ideal of governing for urban resilience, and what happens in practice. ; At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.

Socially and politically controlled teenagers find emancipatory spaces in young adult (YA) literature, spaces where institutions can be challenged and individuals can gain agency and empowerment. Drawing on Foucault's theory of heterotopia, I examine the literary spaces in John Green's YA novel Paper Towns and examine how Green's online social networking community Nerdfighters shares an ideological common ground with the novel.

Measures of core inflation enable a central bank to distinguish price movements that are transitory and generated by non-monetary events from those that are more permanent and related to prior monetary policy decisions. The author uses standard statistical measures to assess the behaviour of consumer prices across provinces and identify price components with more divergent price patterns. The results indicate that energy, shelter and tobacco prices are the most volatile across provinces. Very large price movements restricted to one or a few provinces suggest that the forces or events triggering those movements may be province specific and unrelated to national demand pressures. Such results suggest that constructing a type of core inflation measure called the trimmed mean that excludes components with exceptionally large price changes at the provincial level may offer an alternative means of assessing underlying inflationary pressures.

Achilles tendon injuries are common overuse injuries in military populations. However, limited research has been undertaken looking specifically at the incidence and aetiology in army recruits. A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the incidence and aetiology of achilles tendinopathy in a group of 384 army recruits undertaking 12 weeks of intensive training. A descriptive questionnaire design was used to gather information. From this a total of 16 achilles tendon injuries were recorded during four intakes of recruits from the period January to August, 2003. An incident rate of 4.2% was recorded and a significant relationship (p<0.05) was shown between achilles tendon injury incidence, the female gender and footwear, indicating a problem with footwear in New Zealand Army recruits. A further aim of the study was to review the current literature with respect to achilles tendinopathy, the anatomy and function, biomechanics, histopathology and management. A systematic review was also undertaken looking at eccentrictype loading programs for achilles tendinopathy. A search of Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro physiotherapy System, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group, MEDLINE and CINAHL were used to identify studies from January, 1990 to August, 2003. The methodological quality of the papers was assessed using The Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group generic evaluation tool. Following the evaluation it was concluded that the papers scored from poor to moderate indicating that the overall clinical efficacy of eccentrictype loading programs for the treatment of achilles tendinopathy may be questionable and that further more robust trials are required before strong conclusions can be drawn.

Execution of conveyancing documentation by companies has given rise to considerable anxiety to vendors, purchasers and their solicitors. Only gradually have the courts construed and applied the straightforward Section 20(1) and the enigmatic Section 23 of the Conveyancing and Property Ordinance, leaving in their wake a host of defective titles. Now the Hong Kong Legislature has come to our aid by enacting a new Section 23A. The purpose of this article is to examine the meaning of this section and to explore the extent of its curative effect. ; published_or_final_version

This paper sets out the historical background to the development of safety cases as a tool to manage and regulate major hazard industries, primarily in the UK. The main features of successful safety case systems are described and an assessment made of the successes and failures in their application. 1. It is probably only possible to achieve absolute safety if as a society we do not undertake hazardous activities. However we know that the application of technology brings great benefits to us as a society. The skill comes in exploiting potentially hazardous technology whilst minimising the risks - accepting it is probably not possible to totally eliminate the risks. 2. The concept of using the mechanism of a safety case as a tool to help manage major risks, although around for some considerable time, particularly in the nuclear field, continues to expand into new areas. This alone tells us something about the worth and success of the safety case concept. This paper will briefly trace some of the history of its development in the UK and Europe, outline some of the features of successful safety case regulatory regimes as well as some of the difficulties. 3. In the context of this paper the term "safety case" is used to cover the variety of legislative requirements which variously require "safety cases" or "safety reports". The term "installation" is used to describe the site that presents the major hazard whether it be a nuclear power station, an oil refinery or an offshore oil and gas facility and the term "operator" to describe the owner or employer in charge of the installation.

In a well known British case, the relatives of a dead man consented to the use of his organs for transplant on the condition that they were transplanted only into white people. The British government condemned the acceptance of racist offers and the panel they set up to report on the case condemned all conditional offers of donation. The panel appealed to a principle of altruism and meeting the greatest need. This paper criticises their reasoning. The panel's argument does not show that conditional donation is always wrong and anyway overlooks a crucial distinction between making an offer and accepting it. But even the most charitable reinterpretation of the panel's argument does not reject selective acceptance of conditional offers. The panel's reasoning has no merit.

On June 5, 1997, Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt and Secretary of Commerce William Daley signed a jointly-released Secretarial Order entitled "American Indian Tribal Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust Responsibilities, and the Endangered Species Act"' The Order culminated a year-and-a-half of work by tribes and federal officials to craft an administrative system for resolving difficult questions involving tribal rights and the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The Order is important for the ESA's implementation. It also carries broader significance, for it serves as one major example of how the government-to-government relationship between the United States and Indian tribes can be successfully implemented.

Data from 1586 Francophone students in Northeastern Ontario concerning their attitudes towards French and English show seven independent factors affect linguistic beliefs. Three factors -believing French unimportant, believing English practically dominant, and believing their French inadequate - lead students to continue their post-secondary education solely in English. Believing French more pleasurable is positively, and believing English superior is negatively, related to continuing post-secondary education solely in French. Educational level is negatively related to believing English superior and to believing French unimportant but positively related to believing English dominant, French pleasurable, and their French inadequate. Policy should therefore focus on countering the belief in English dominance and the belief in the inadequacy of their ability in French. ; Les données recueillies par Laflamme et Dennie (1990) auprès de 1586 étudiants francophones du Nord-Est de l'Ontario, données portant notamment sur les attitudes envers le français et l'anglais, révèlent sept facteurs déterminants des croyances linguistiques. Trois facteurs - croire que le français n'est pas important, que l'anglais est en réalité dominant et que le français qu'on parle est inadéquat - incitent les étudiants à poursuivre leurs études en anglais seulement. Croire que le français constitue, plus que l'anglais, une langue de plaisir est positivement relié au fait de poursuivre des études postsecondaires en français seulement, alors que tenir l'anglais pour une langue supérieure est négativement relié au fait de poursuivre des études en français seulement. Le niveau d'éducation est négativement relié à la croyance en la supériorité de l'anglais et à celle en la non-importance du français, mais il est relié positivement au fait de croire en la domination de l'anglais, au français comme langue de plaisir et au manque de compétence à s'exprimer dans sa langue. Par conséquent, les décisions politiques devraient veiller à contrecarrer la croyance en la domination de l'anglais et celle en l'incompétence de la personne dans sa langue.