Suchergebnisse

Abstract
By examining the death marches from Stutthof's East Prussian subcamps in January 1945 and the following "Palmnicken Massacre," this article retraces the role of the Wehrmacht in late-war genocidal violence. Scholars have established the complicity of Wehrmacht soldiers in acts of genocide during their stay on the Eastern Front, and documented the racist mindset that underpinned their behavior. Yet no such research exists on the final year of the war. From Summer 1944 until May 1945, the Wehrmacht's main task was to defend its home soil. Scholarship has thus focused more on the military's defense of Germany rather than their willingness to support the regime's genocidal demands. This article argues that many Wehrmacht commanders were fully aware of the genocide perpetrated in their midst during the war's final months, and when called upon, different Wehrmacht commanders actively assisted the SS in carrying out the regime's racist mission even at the very end of the war. Finally, the author reveals how the military attempted to conceal these acts of violence throughout the postwar years.

Vorspann
Am 9./10. April 1945 eroberte die Rote Armee Königsberg, die Hauptstadt Ostpreußens. Wo sich die deutschen Streitkräfte in der Provinz noch halten konnten, wurden sie bis Anfang Mai von den sowjetischen Truppen gezwungen, die Waffen zu strecken. Die letzten Kriegstage und die unmittelbare Nachkriegszeit stellten die verbliebene Zivilbevölkerung vor ungeheure, oft tödliche Herausforderungen, die von Kriegsgewalt, Hunger, Krankheit und Zwangsarbeit gekennzeichnet waren. Lange Zeit hat man fast ausschließlich die Rote Armee und die sowjetische Militärverwaltung dafür verantwortlich gemacht, dass so viele Menschen 1945/46 ihr Eigentum, ihre Gesundheit oder sogar ihr Leben verloren. Bastiaan Willems widerspricht dieser Einschätzung - und präsentiert der Wehrmacht die Rechnung für den Totalen Krieg, den sie 1944/45 auf deutschem Boden führte.

"This book is a vital exploration of the harrowing stories of mass displacement that took place in the first half of the 20th century from the perspective of forced migrants themselves. The volume brings together 15 interrelated case studies which show how the deportation, evacuation and flight of millions of people as a result of the First World War intensified rather than alleviated ethnic conflicts which culminated in population transfers on an even larger scale during and immediately after the Second World War. While each chapter focuses on a different group of refugees and displaced persons, the text as a whole looks at the experience of forced migration as a complex set of evolving relationships with the receiving society, the homeland, the broader diaspora and other migrant communities living within the same host country. This innovative, four-dimensional model provides an overarching conceptual framework that binds the chapters together within the longer arc of European history. By going beyond the conventional narratives of national victimhood and (un)successful assimilation of refugees, A Transnational History of Forced Migrants in Europe reveals that identities of forced migrants in the first half of the 20th century were individualised, hybrid and constantly reconstructed in response to socioeconomic forces and political pressures. The case studies collected in this volume further suggest that age, gender, social class, educational level and the personal experiences of 'unwilling nomads' are more important to the understanding of forced migration history than ethnoreligious identities of victims and perpetrators."--