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"Critically examines successes and failures of agrarian reform efforts in Bolivia, Chile, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Mexico. Concludes that agrarian reform has done little to reduce poverty or to create employment opportunities and a more equal distribution of resources. Worth reading"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

Accurate appraisal of student performance during and after training is important for the proper functioning of the training system and realization of training goals. Training systems-and particularly flight training programs-rely heavily on expert assessors′ determination of student proficiency. Research is needed that will lead to improvements in the reliability and accuracy of these assessments. Recent research in decision making suggests that errors are frequently introduced because of the limited capabilities of people to integrate information and reach accurate conclusions. Mathematical decision aids appear to be helpful in reducing these errors. A decision aid using Wald's binomial probability ratio test and the sequential examination of student task performances was adapted to a training application. The decision aid required significantly less task trial information and predicted subsequent task performance more accurately than did expert assessors using the current assessment method. When students performed inconsistently and below the required flight task standards, instructors were more willing to declare proficiency than was the decision aid. This finding was especially apparent on the more difficult flight tasks.

In the Arab world, people belong to kinship groups (lineages and tribes). Many lineages are named after animals, birds, and plants. Why? This survey evaluates five old explanations - "totemism," "emulation of predatory animals," "ancestor eponymy," "nicknaming," and "Bedouin proximity to nature." It suggests a new hypothesis: Bedouin tribes use animal names to obscure their internal cleavages. Such tribes wax and wane as they attract and lose allies and clients; they include "attached" elements as well as actual kin. To prevent outsiders from spotting "attached" groups, Bedouin tribes scatter non-human names across their segments, making it difficult to link any segment with a human ancestor. Young's argument contributes to theories of tribal organization, Arab identity, onomastics, and Near Eastern kinship

A fascinating historical account of the American Phage Group and how its new research framework became the foundation for molecular biology This book is the first critical and analytical study of the American Phage Group—a small group of scientists who gathered around Max Delbrück, Salvador Luria, and Alfred Hershey between 1940 and 1960—and how this novel research program became the foundation of the field of molecular biology. These three young, charismatic, and iconoclastic scientists were convinced of the importance of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) to the study of the gene and of heredity in general. Based on substantial archival research, numerous participant interviews collected over the past thirty years, and an intimate knowledge of the relevant scientific literature in the field, William C. Summers has written a fascinating new history of the American Phage Group. Rather than a linear narrative of progress by past heroes, this book emphasizes the diversity and historical contingencies in the group's development

This book features a collection of high-quality and peer-reviewed papers from the 2022 6th International Conference on Applied Economics and Business (ICAEB), which was held in Stockholm, Sweden, during August 24-26, 2022. ICAEB serves as a platform for presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of applied economics and business. Applied economics is used to improve the quality of practice in business and public policy by thinking meticulously about new ways to approach old problems. Presentations at the conference include the topical areas of development, ecological, financial, forensic, information, institutional, international, labor, managerial, mathematical, monetary, and other related economic aspects. All these topics relate to an overall theme of sustainable development from an economic perspective. The conference brings together scientists from different fields of applied economic research in order to exchange ideas and experiences leading to improved methods of economic analysis.

"The United States is the global leader in higher education, but this was not always the case and may not remain so. William Kirby examines sources of-and threats to-US higher education supremacy and charts the rise of Chinese competitors. Yet Chinese institutions also face problems, including a state that challenges the commitment to free inquiry"--

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1971