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The main purpose of this book is to explain how (mainly) American, but also British and other Western, policy makers have planned and largely managed to create an international order in their own image, the so-called 'New World Order'. It shows how this seismic shift in international relations has developed through the major global wars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It uses a wide variety of historical archival material to give the background to the current and historical American obsession with creating the world order, one that both reflects the American national interest but

"This text provides an examination of the aetiological development of forensic criminology within the UK. It links the subjects of scientific criminology, criminal investigations, crime scene investigation, forensic science and the legal system, and provides an introduction to the important processes that take place from crime scene to courtroom. These processes help identify, define and label the 'criminal' and are crucial for understanding any form of crime within society. The book includes sections on: the epistemological and ontological philosophies of the natural sciences,the birth of scientific criminology and its search for the criminal 'body', the development of early forms of forensic science and crime scene investigation,investigating crime, information, material and evidence, crime analysis and crime mapping, scientific support and crime scene examination,forensic science and detection methods and forensics in the courtroom. The text consists of a mix of historical research and contemporary criminal justice process chapters that provide an introduction to the most common forensic practices, procedures and uses that enable the identification and successful prosecution of criminals. Forensic Criminology provides a framework for understanding the varieties of information work that exist within current criminal justice practice. Forensic Criminology will be essential for students of criminology, criminal justice, criminal investigations and crime science. It will also be useful to those criminal justice practitioners wishing to gain a more in-depth understanding of the links between criminology, criminal investigations and forensics techniques. "--

Military power is now the main vehicle for regime change. The US army has been used on more than 30 different occasions in the post-Cold War world compared with just 10 during the whole of the Cold War era. Leading scholar Andrew Williams tackles contemporary thinking on war with a detailed study on liberal thinking over the last century about how wars should be ended, using a vast range of historical archival material from diplomatic, other official and personal papers, which this study situates within the debates that have emerged in political theory. He examines the main strategie

AbstractThe value of generative AI tools in higher education has received considerable attention. Although there are many proponents of its value as a learning tool, many are concerned with the issues regarding academic integrity and its use by students to compose written assessments. This study evaluates and compares the output of three commonly used generative AI tools, ChatGPT, Bing and Bard. Each AI tool was prompted with an essay question from undergraduate (UG) level 4 (year 1), level 5 (year 2), level 6 (year 3) and postgraduate (PG) level 7 biomedical sciences courses. Anonymised AI generated output was then evaluated by four independent markers, according to specified marking criteria and matched to the Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications (FHEQ) of UK level descriptors. Percentage scores and ordinal grades were given for each marking criteria across AI generated papers, inter-rater reliability was calculated using Kendall's coefficient of concordance and generative AI performance ranked. Across all UG and PG levels, ChatGPT performed better than Bing or Bard in areas of scientific accuracy, scientific detail and context. All AI tools performed consistently well at PG level compared to UG level, although only ChatGPT consistently met levels of high attainment at all UG levels. ChatGPT and Bing did not provide adequate references, while Bing falsified references. In conclusion, generative AI tools are useful for providing scientific information consistent with the academic standards required of students in written assignments. These findings have broad implications for the design, implementation and grading of written assessments in higher education.

What can astronomers do to influence political processes to help change national policies? What can astronomers do to encourage funding agencies, universities and observatories to implement more climate friendly actions? Influencing political processes or organisational systems is a complex task involving grappling with changing contexts and beliefs, multiple stakeholders and multiple interests. What is the most effective strategy the astronomy community can take to move from communicating about climate change and raising awareness, to supporting climate action and achieve system change? Drawing from several experiences addressing challenging policy topics and from the body of knowledge in political science on policy change, I outline a few key principles which astronomers can adopt to engage effectively with policy and organisational systems: first, develop deep contextual knowledge of decision making in policy systems; second, build strong networks including authentic partnerships across coalitions, and third, participate for long periods of time in the system. With these principles in mind, I outline a specific template for development of policy advocacy and communication plan