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This article provides some caveats to the Boolean algebra procedure described by Robert Herman in the Fall 1990 issue of this journal. Several issues and doubts are raised concerning the use of this proce dure as a bridge between log-linear regression and combinational logic. The description of a method that the authors believe to be more appropriate for the study of organizational effectiveness follows. The authors agree with Herman that more studies of the organizational effectiveness of nongovernmental and nonprofit organizations are needed.

Fifty‐one years ago, when liberalism and social welfare democracy were expanding in all advanced industrialized nations, V.O. Key, Jr., forecast the decline of postwar liberalism in the United States. Current discussion of the decline of liberalism has ignored Key or, when evidence is lacking, has incorrectly cited him. In contrast to Key's relatively direct, simple, and heavily documented reasoning, current explanations are multifactorial, complex, less well documented, and often ideologically loaded. Some explanations for the "postwar" decline identify causal factors more than six years after the war, yet they ignore events in 1945–47. At the fifty‐first anniversary of V.O. Key's Southern Politics in State and Nation, attention to Key's forecast and Occam's razor is called for. Key argued that racism in the South, exerted through congressional committees, would lead to a decline of liberalism in the nation. Using "legislative histories," this article compares Key's single‐factor "racial" explanation with a two‐factor explanation—and by implication with multifactor ones—and finds Key's more compelling and parsimonious. Archival sources indicate that more than two years before the 1948 Democratic Convention, Charlie Ross, Truman's closest advisor, and Truman himself encouraged Key to assess the emerging postwar politics of the South. As Key anticipated, institutionalized racism sunk the Fair Deal and postwar social democracy, despite Truman's efforts. The effects of racism on postwar and current politics and public administration should be reexamined as a key to understanding American distinctiveness or exceptionalism.

Objective.An earlier article published in this journal reports that morality politics and political economy variables jointly affect the offering of both sexual and contraceptive health services at school‐based health centers (SBHC). Data are reanalyzed cognizant of structural linkages: general health → sexual health → contraceptive services.Methods.To correct for spurious correlations in the earlier article, three ordinary least squares regressions with robust standard errors are estimated.Results.General health services fit a political economy model. Sexual health services are associated with morality politics. The offering of contraceptive services is influenced by the number of sexual health services offered and urbanism, not directly by moral traditionalism and political economy variables.Conclusions.Opponents and advocates of school health services are likely to engage in political strategies that address characteristics of the arenas in which different types of services are offered.

Objective. An earlier article by Wald, Button, & Rienzo published in this journal in 2001 reports that morality politics & political economy variables jointly affect the offering of both sexual & contraceptive health services at school-based health centers (SBHC). Data are reanalyzed cognizant of structural linkages: general health -- sexual health -- contraceptive services. Methods. To correct for spurious correlations in the earlier article, three ordinary least squares regressions with robust standard errors are estimated. Results. General health services fit a political economy model. Sexual health services are associated with morality politics. The offering of contraceptive services is influenced by the number of sexual health services offered & urbanism, not directly by moral traditionalism & political economy variables. Conclusions. Opponents & advocates of school health services are likely to engage in political strategies that address characteristics of the arenas in which different types of services are offered. 2 Tables, 1 Appendix, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Objective: An earlier article published in this journal reports that morality politics and political economy variables jointly affect the offering of both sexual and contraceptive health services at school-based health centers (SBHC). Data are reanalyzed cognizant of structural linkages: general health sexual health contraceptive services. Methods: To correct for spurious correlations in the earlier article, three ordinary least squares regressions with robust standard errors are estimated. Results: General health services fit a political economy model. Sexual health services are associated with morality politics. The offering of contraceptive services is influenced by the number of sexual health services offered and urbanism, not directly by moral traditionalism and political economy variables. Conclusions: Opponents and advocates of school health services are likely to engage in political strategies that address characteristics of the arenas in which different types of services are offered. (Original abstract)

Socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with many health outcomes. Commonly used datasets such as medical records often lack data on SES but do include address information. The authors sought to determine whether an SES measure derived from housing characteristics is associated with other SES measures and outcomes known to be associated with SES. The data come from a telephone survey of parents/guardians of children aged 1–17 years who resided in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and Jackson County, Missouri. Seven variables related to housing and six neighborhood characteristics obtained from local government assessor's offices in Olmsted County, Minnesota, were appended to survey responses. An SES index derived from housing characteristics (hereafter, HOUSES) was constructed using principal components factor analysis. For criterion validity, we assessed Pearson's correlation coefficients between HOUSES and other SES measures, including self-reported parents' educational levels, income, Hollingshead Index, and Nakao–Treas Index. For construct validity, we determined the association between HOUSES and outcomes, risks of low birth weight, overweight, and smoking exposure at home. We applied HOUSES to subjects in another community by formulating HOUSES from housing data of subjects in Jackson County, Missouri, using the same statistical algorithm as HOUSES for subjects in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We found that HOUSES had modest to good correlation with other SES measures. Overall, as hypothesized, HOUSES was inversely associated with outcome measures assessed among subjects from both counties. HOUSES may be a useful surrogate measure of individual SES in epidemiologic research, especially when SES measures for individuals are not available.