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THE NOTION OF "RIGHTS" IN MILL'S UTILITARIANISM IS EXAMINED AS A MEANS OF CLARIFYING HIS PRINCIPLE OF LIBERTY AS OUTLINED IN ON LIBERTY. THIS PRINCIPLE IS BEST SEEN AS DEFENDING INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM UNLESS A PERSON'S ACTIONS INJURE THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. THIS DEFENSIVE APPROACH TO FREEDOM IS SUPPLEMENTED BY AN ASSERTIVE VIEW OF MAN AS AN INDEPENDENT, SPONTANEOUS DEVELOPING CHARACTER.

Examines the work of Ruth First, an exiled political activist committed to socialism & the liberation of Africa, who found it difficult to establish a career as a mainstream journalist. Instead, she wrote a series of books for the Penguin Africa Library, lectured in sociology at the U of Durham (England), & served as research director at the Centre for African Studies at Eduardo Mondlane U (Maputo, Mozambique). First was one of the few writers to focus her attention on the whole of Africa & its people, not just the liberation of South Africa. She was assassinated by a letter bomb in 1982. 53 References. M. Maguire

There is an increasing tendency for administrators and government to expect both the health services and the education service to 'show results' for the investment of public money in them. One response to this has been the growing commitment to 'health promotion', where measurable objectives may be set in terms of desired behaviour (stopping smoking, breast self-examination, child immunisation etc) and where evaluation can be made on the evidence of statistical improvement. Health workers use the term 'promotion' in a variety of ways which seem to be as confusing to them as they are to their clients --the general public. Since successful promotion is likely to depend on the 'hard sell' (and since the methodology and aims of this may be incompatible with those of health education) this paper looks at some of the questions which the customer might wish to ask the salesman before deciding whether or not to buy.