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Kierkegaard makes a controversial and little-understood claim: irony, humor, and the comic are essential to ethics and religion. This account, grounded in Concluding Unscientific Postscript, explicates that idea for a philosophical and theological audience with a level of conceptual analysis never seen before in Kierkegaard scholarship.

This article tackles a well-known but little-studied phenomenon: the importance of Holocaust themes to heavy metal. The fascination of metal bands with evil and death has until recently been met outside the scene with such reactions as moral panic, disgust or indifference. In the last ten years, however, scholars in an emerging discourse of Metal Studies have attempted to engage more critically with the social and musical dimensions of metal, in order to contextualise and understand its lyrics and imagery. Although a number of writers have touched upon the recurrence of Holocaust imagery, no one has dealt at any length with extreme metal as a form of Holocaust memory. My article focuses on what might be called the founding text of extreme metal, Slayer&rsquo ; s &lsquo ; Angel of Death&rsquo ; which lived up to the sub-genre&rsquo ; s name by pushing both its musical form and its lyrical content beyond previously maintained limits and taboos. It considers the song's mobilisation of affective intensities as involving problematic politics, but also a challenge to conceptions of Holocaust representation. I consider how affects are evoked by &lsquo ; Angel of Death&rsquo ; through offering readings of the song itself as well as of ways that its reception have been recorded on social media, in concert videos, and reaction videos uploaded to YouTube.

PurposeThe aim of this investigation is to examine the level of adoption of e‐government at the regional level in Europe in terms of eight different categories addressing both services provided, internal capacity in terms of training and policies, and perceived barriers to e‐government.Design/methodology/approachA survey approach was employed to achieve the overall aim of the study, based on existing survey instruments and informed by the requirements of policy makers. A survey of 1,021 municipalities across seven European regions was conducted in order to ascertain the development of e‐government.FindingsThe findings suggest that despite e‐government being heavily promoted throughout the Europe, there is relatively little commonality across regions evident to date. The study identifies a number of areas for improvement within the eight categories investigated.Research limitations/implicationsThe desired minimum confidence level and confidence interval was not realised across all regions. It would be appropriate to conduct further investigations which include larger (non‐UK) administrative bodies in order that progress made by comparable organizations may be evaluated. Although the study includes results from municipalities in seven regions, it would be desirable to expand the scope of the investigation.Originality/valueThe primary value of this paper lies in the size of the sample derived at regional rather than national level, the resulting data extending our understanding of the adoption of information and communication technologies within municipalities at regional level in Europe.