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Stock options are still very much alive—but how well are they? Here is a technique by which to weigh the comparative pros and cons of various plans.

AbstractThis paper uses ten years of USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey data to evaluate the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). We simulate income tax returns at the household level using the survey's detailed financial and demographic information. We find that farm households in the top 10% of the income distribution realize 71% of the total tax cuts from the TCJA, while families in the bottom 20% of the distribution experience a slight increase in their income tax liabilities. Consequently, the TCJA reduces the progressivity of the tax code, particularly over years with lower farm household income.

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act has implications for the source of health insurance for farm households and potentially how much of their time they allocate to off‐farm jobs and even the rate at which new operators enter farming. The Act will likely have impacts for the 1% of farms defined to be large employers, which are required to provide coverage for their workers or pay a penalty. While a very small share of all farms, they account for upward of 40% of the production for some commodities. How they adjust their use of farm labor in response to the Affordable Care Act has implications for farm structure.

This paper discusses selected changes in the tax laws, made in the Summer of J 996, which are expected to have significant impact on small businesses. The general areas discussed are 1) S Corporations, 2) SIM PLE pension plans, 3) independent contractors, 4) leased employees, 5) expensing qualified small business assets, 6) the work opportunity tax credit, 7) life insurance policy loans, and 8) medical savings accounts. In each case, we first discuss the basic importance of the issue to small business and then briefly discuss some of the technical issues involved in applying the new laws.