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Among many studies indicating a positive relationship between racial contact & attitudes is S. A. Stouffer's study of military institutions The American Soldier, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1949). Using The American Soldier as a frame of reference, a nonrecursive path model is presented positing that separatist attitudes & racial contact have a simultaneous & reciprocal impact on each other. The attitudes of racial separatism are suggested to arise from a variety of factors such as age, education, prior contact with other races, branch of service, rank, & region of the country living in. Race relations training in the military is seen as an intervening variable between the exogenous influences & the attitudes. A sample of 9,013 soldiers, stratified by race & rank, was drawn from military bases in the United States, Europe, & the Far East. Blacks comprised approximately 1,500 of the sample; whites approximately 7,500. Data were collected by anonymous questionnaires during 1973 & 1974. In addition to the demographic data, the questionnaire had over 150 items measuring interracial issues. Separatist attitudes were measured as a weighted combination of 12 items indicating the desirability of amounts of close racial contact. Racial contact in the military was measured by the frequency of close personal contact with members of other races during off-duty hours. Racial relations training in the military was noted by the respondents. For both white & black subsamples, the effects of racial relationships training were insignificant. The reason for this may not be the ineffectiveness of the program, but rather the attitude of the military that such training is not necessary & therefore is not taken seriously. The variables associated with causal impact on separatist attitudes, such as education, age, & coming from the South, have no direct effects on racial contact while in the military service. The variables associated with causal impact on racial contact while in the military (rank, serving in the Air Force or Army) have no direct effect on separatist attitudes. Education exerts a slightly negative effect on separatist attitudes. Racial contact prior to the military experience has a strong positive effect on interracial contact during off-duty hours. Overall, for both samples, there is a link between racial contact & positive racial attitudes. Within the black subsample, new black military persons, especially those coming from very segregated civilian areas, are bringing with them favorable attitudes toward continued racial separatism. 3 Tables, 2 Figures. Modified HA.

Our purpose in this article is to identify and suggest resolution for two core problematics of grounded theory. First, while grounded theory provides transparency to one part of the conceptualization process, where codes emerge directly from the data, it provides no such systematic or transparent way for gaining insight into the conceptual relationships between discovered codes. Producing a grounded theory depends not only on the definition of conceptual pieces, but the delineation of a relationship between at least two of those pieces. Second, the conceptualization process of grounded theory is done in hierarchical fashion, where individual codes emerge from the data but then are used to generate insight into more general concepts and thematic statements. But various works on grounded theory have failed to provide any systematic way of using data specific levels of scale (the codes) to gain insight into more macro levels of scale (concepts and themes). We offer fractal concept analysis as a means of resolving both of these issues. By using a logic structure generator, fractal concept analysis delineates self-similar conceptual frameworks at various levels of abstraction, yielding a method for linking concepts together within and between levels of scale encountered in the grounded theory coding and categorization process. We conclude that this fractal analytic technique can bolster the aims of grounded theory as a formalized and systematic process for generating theory from empirical data.