Suchergebnisse

chapter 1 The concept of aggression in international relations -- chapter 2 Aggression in the post-World War I settlement -- chapter 3 State aggression at the League, 1920 to 1940 -- chapter 4 Aggression and individual criminal responsibility at Nuremberg and subsequent trials -- chapter 5 Aggression and individual criminal responsibility at the Tokyo Trial -- chapter 6 The UN's 'definition' of state aggression, 1944 to 1974 -- chapter 7 The International Law Commission's attempts to criminalise state aggression, 1946 to 1998 -- chapter 8 State aggression at the UN, 1945 to 2009 -- chapter 9 Conclusion -- chapter 1 Appendix 1 Results of the Nuremberg judgment, 1946 -- chapter 2 Appendix 2 Results of the Tokyo judgment, 1948 -- chapter 3 Appendix 3 General Assembly Resolution 3314: Definition of Aggression, 1974.

Aggression, Crime and International Security examines the concept of aggression in international relations and how it has been dealt with by international law and collective security organisations. This book analyses the evolution of the concept of aggression in international relations from World War I to the post-Rome Statute era. It charts the emergence of two competing visions of this notion: on the one hand, as a triggering mechanism for collective security enforcement among states, and, on the other, as an international crime giving rise to individual responsibility. The author argues tha.

While a long-term decrease in overall Arctic sea ice extent has been recorded by the US National Snow and Ice Data Center (2014) since the late 1970s, the unprecedented levels of ice melting and thinning experienced in the region in 2007, and subsequently in 2012, have brought the Arctic once again to the forefront of international affairs. Much popular and academic attention has focused on whether the Arctic is likely to remain a zone of cooperation, or descend into conflict. However, less attention has been paid to examining the evolution and role of fora in the region, such as the Arctic Council. In this paper, it is argued that three visions are presently shaping ways of thinking about the Council: the first envisages the Council as a society for Arctic states; the second sees the Council as a steward for the Arctic; and the third imagines the Council as a fully-fledged security actor. The extent to which each vision is manifested in the practices of the Council and its members is also examined. Finally, the paper considers what the ongoing tensions within and among these three ways of conceptualising the Council means for its future prospects, and for Arctic politics more generally.

"Carnage and Courage is the story of an American woman's journey from upper-crust ingenue to a career in the US diplomatic corps. At President Franklin Delano Roosevelt's behest, Page Wilson left the US to serve in London with Ambassador Joseph Kennedy as he took up his post just before World War II began and the Blitz commenced. With the conflict in Europe already underway, Wilson, working with Kennedy, shares the grip of war with the men and women who are engaged against Germany. When the bombs finally fall on Britain, Kennedy sends Wilson back to America--fulfilling a promise he and Roosevelt made to keep her safe--where she anxiously awaits US involvement. Upon meeting the man she will marry, a combat pilot, her role begins to mirror that of so many women of war era--the struggle to maintain a home that is re-billeted constantly and the worry for her husband in combat. Wilson's journey starts with an appointment from the highest levels of government and continues along a path many young women would take as America fought to bring peace to the world. These women's lives are a shared battle through the years of the worst war the world has ever known, the years of struggle between Munich and Hiroshima, between certain death and brave survival, not only for the men and women under arms but for their wives and families back home as well"--