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"The term 'feminist' would have been anachronistic in the Tudor period, but surely we would not hesitate to call the lady, who would be queen, Anne Boleyn, a feminist? All ten women, from Catherine Par to Margaret Beaufort, lived their lives in a way that challenged the patriarchal world they lived in. Each chapter is dedicated to one remarkable woman, ahead of her time. It explores her achievements and examines the impacts she had on a male-dominated world, while placing her in the context of her particular circumstance and background. These Renaissance women, from the high born to the merchant class, were rule breakers, they railed against the rigid social norms of their time and stand out vividly against a backdrop of domestic servitude."--EBSCOhost, viewed March 6, 2024.

Kate Kelly has always been overshadowed by her famous brother Ned, but the talented young woman was a popular public figure in her own right. This moving biography tells her astonishing story in full for the first time.

Meat-based baits are currently used for the control of the exotic red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in south-eastern Australia. Thirty-one quadrupedal endemic mammals are considered to be potentially bait consuming (PBC) and may be exposed to bait toxicants. Mechanical toxicant ejectors may be more selective if some PBC species cannot apply enough upward force to trigger them. A simple relationship between body mass and pulling force was sought to enable estimates of ejector specificity to be made. The pulling force applied to ejector baits was measured for the red fox and six endemic mammals. The relationship between body mass and pulling force was highly significant (P < 0.001) and the resulting regression equation was used to estimate the highest pulling forces for 31 quadrupedal mammals based upon the largest body mass recorded for each species. In a sample of 640 foxes, taken by a range of methods in south-eastern Australia, the lowest adult body mass detected from January to September was 3 kg and declined only when cubs were present in the population from October to December. An ejector trigger force of 26.46 N was estimated to allow foxes weighing >3 kg to trigger the device, while eliminating exposure of 26 of the 31 PBC mammals. Appropriate toxicant selection and dose rates may ensure that four out of five susceptible mammals are less likely to be affected by unwanted exposure.

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesDataSHIELD (www.datashield.ac.uk) was born of the requirement in the biomedical and social sciences to co-analyse individual patient data (microdata) from different sources, without disclosing identity or sensitive information. Under DataSHIELD, raw data never leaves the data provider and no microdata or disclosive information can be seen by the researcher. The analysis is taken to the data - not the data to the analysis.
Text data can be very disclosive in the biomedical domain (patient records, GP letters etc). Similar, but different, issues are present in other domains - text could be copyrighted, or have a large IP value, making sharing impractical.
ApproachBy treating text in an analogous way to individual patient data we assessed if DataSHIELD could be adapted and implemented for text analysis, and circumvent the key obstacles that currently prevent it.
ResultsUsing open digitised text data held by the British Library, a DataSHIELD proof-of-concept infrastructure and prototype DataSHIELD functions for free text analysis were developed.
ConclusionsWhilst it is possible to analyse free text within a DataSHIELD infrastructure, the challenge is creating generalised and resilient anti-disclosure methods for free text analysis. There are a range of biomedical and health sciences applications for DataSHIELD methods of privacy protected analysis of free text including analysis of electronic health records and analysis of qualitative data e.g. from social media.

Purpose:To explore the psychological impact of weight labels.Design:A double-blind experiment that randomly informed participants that they were "normal weight" or "overweight."Setting:Public university in Honolulu, Hawai'i.Participants:Normal-weight and overweight female undergraduates (N = 113).Measures:The Body Image States Scale, Stunkard Rating Scale, Weight Bias Internalization Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, General Health question from the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, modified version of the Weight Loss Methods Scale, and a manipulation check.Analysis:A 2 × 2 between-subjects analysis of variance explored the main effects of the assigned weight label and actual weight and interactions between assigned weight label and actual weight.Results:Significant main effects of the assigned weight label emerged on measures of body dissatisfaction, F(1, 109) = 12.40, p = .001, [Formula: see text] = 0.10, internalized weight stigma, F(1, 108) = 4.35, p = .039, [Formula: see text] = .04, and negative affect, F(1, 108) = 9.22, p = .003, [Formula: see text] = .08. Significant assigned weight label × actual weight interactions were found on measures of perceived body image, F(1, 109) = 6.29, p = .014, [Formula: see text] = .06, and perceived health, F(1, 109) = 4.18, p = .043, [Formula: see text] = .04.Conclusion:A weight label of "overweight" may have negative psychological consequences, particularly for overweight women.

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesIn several disciplines such as in biomedicine and social sciences the analysis of individual-level data or the co-analysis of data from different studies requires the pooling and the sharing of those data. However, sharing and combining sensitive individual-level data is often prohibited by ethico-legal constraints and other barriers such as the control maintenance and the huge sample sizes. The graphical illustration of microdata is also often forbidden as can potentially be unsecured on the identification of sensitive information. For example the plot of a standard scatterplot is disclosive as can explicitly specify the exact values of two measurements for each single individual.
ApproachDataSHIELD (www.datashield.ac.uk) is a novel approach that allows the analysis of sensitive individual-level data and the co-analysis of such data from several studies simultaneously without physically pooling the data.
ResultsDataSHIELD functionality consists of several functions that provide the flexibility of performing data analysis through different statistical techniques. A part of this environment includes a number of graphical-related functions for the graphical illustration of the statistical properties and relationships between different variables. We overview the graphical functions in DataSHIELD (ds.histogram, ds.heatmapPlot, ds.contourPlot) and demonstrate a number of new functions including ds.scatterPlot and ds.boxPlot developed based on the application of different computational approaches like the k-Nearest Neighbours algorithm and ensuring privacy protected analysis.
ConclusionDataSHIELD graphical functionality has certain methodological features for the representation of the relationships between different variables preserving their statistical properties and assuring the data privacy protection. These graphical approaches can be used or enhanced for application in various areas where confidentiality and information sensitivity is considered, for example in longitudinal data and survival analysis, in epidemiological studies, in geospatial analysis and several others.

Carnivorous predators are difficult to detect using conventional survey methods, especially at low levels of abundance. The introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia is monitored to determine the effectiveness of control programs, but assessing population parameters such as abundance and recruitment is difficult. We carried out a feasibility study to determine the effectiveness of using faecal DNA analysis methods to identify individual foxes and to assess abundance before and after lethal control. Fox faeces were collected in two sampling periods over four separate transects, and genotyped at five microsatellite loci. Two transects were subject to lethal control between collection periods. DNA was extracted from 170 fox faeces and, in total, 54 unique genotypes were identified. Fifteen biopsy genotypes from 30 foxes killed during lethal control were detected among the faecal genotypes. Overall, a similar number of genotypes were detected in both sampling periods. The number of individuals sampled in both periods was low (n = 6) and new individuals (n = 24) were detected in the second collection period. We were also able to detect animals that avoided lethal control, and movement of individuals between transects. The ability to identify individual foxes using these DNA techniques highlighted the shortcomings of the sample design, in particular the spatial scale and distances between transects. This study shows that non-invasive DNA sampling can provide valuable insight into pre and post fox abundance in relation to lethal control, individual behaviour and movement, as well as sample design. The information gained from this study will contribute to the design of future studies and, ultimately, control strategies.

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe effective exploitation of what are often called big data is increasingly important. They provide the evidence in evidence-based health care and underpin scientific progress in many domains including social/economic policy. Typically, an optimal analysis involves working directly with microdata; i.e. the detailed data relating to each individual in the dataset. But there are many ethico-legal and other governance restrictions on physically sharing microdata. Furthermore, researchers or institutions may have an extensive intellectual property investment in complex microdata and although keen for other researchers to analyse their data they may not wish to give them a physical copy. These restrictions can discourage the use of optimum approaches to analysing pivotal data and slow scientific progress. Data science groups across the world are exploring privacy-protected approaches to analysing microdata without having to physically share the data.
ApproachA two day international workshop was arranged focussing on privacy protected approaches to data analysis – particularly federated analysis where raw data remain at their original site of collection. The workshop considered the range of approaches that exist, and those that are currently being developed. It explored the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges associated with these methods and identified situations where specific approaches have a particularly important role. The workshop included a number of practical sessions where potential users could watch demonstrations of the various approaches in action and run analyses themselves.
ResultsThe Data Analysis with Privacy Protection for Epidemiological Research (DAPPER) workshop was held 22-23rd August 2016, Bristol. We report back to the broader community on the outcomes of this workshop that focussed on exploring current approaches, tools and technical solutions that facilitate sensitive data to be shared and analysed.
ConclusionsThe workshop has helped map out key opportunities and challenges and assisted potential users, developers and other stakeholders (e.g. funders/journals) to recognise the strengths and weaknesses of different privacy protected analytic approaches. The workshop will encourage further methodological work in this field and better informed application of existing methods.

Background: Because no single person or group holds knowledge about all aspects of research, mechanisms are needed to support knowledge exchange and engagement. Expertise in the research setting necessarily includes scientific and methodological expertise, but also expertise gained through the experience of participating in research and/or being a recipient of research outcomes (as a patient or member of the public). Engagement is, by its nature, reciprocal and relational: the process of engaging research participants, patients, citizens and others (the many 'publics' of engagement) brings them closer to the research but also brings the research closer to them. When translating research into practice, engaging the public and other stakeholders is explicitly intended to make the outcomes of translation relevant to its constituency of users. Methods: In practice, engagement faces numerous challenges and is often time-consuming, expensive and 'thorny' work. We explore the epistemic and ontological considerations and implications of four common critiques of engagement methodologies that contest: representativeness, communication and articulation, impacts and outcome, and democracy. The ECOUTER (Employing COnceptUal schema for policy and Translation Engagement in Research) methodology addresses problems of representation and epistemic foundationalism using a methodology that asks, "How could it be otherwise?" ECOUTER affords the possibility of engagement where spatial and temporal constraints are present, relying on saturation as a method of 'keeping open' the possible considerations that might emerge and including reflexive use of qualitative analytic methods. Results: This paper describes the ECOUTER process, focusing on one worked example and detailing lessons learned from four other pilots. ECOUTER uses mind-mapping techniques to 'open up' engagement, iteratively and organically. ECOUTER aims to balance the breadth, accessibility and user-determination of the scope of engagement. An ECOUTER exercise comprises four stages: (1) engagement and knowledge exchange; (2) analysis of mindmap contributions; (3) development of a conceptual schema (i.e. a map of concepts and their relationship); and (4) feedback, refinement and development of recommendations. Conclusion: ECOUTER refuses fixed truths but also refuses a fixed nature. Its promise lies in its flexibility, adaptability and openness. ECOUTER will be formed and re-formed by the needs and creativity of those who use it.