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Social and socioeconomic interactions and transactions often require trust. In digital spaces, the main approach to facilitating trust has effectively been to try to reduce or even remove the need for it through the implementation of reputation systems. These generate metrics based on digital data such as ratings and reviews submitted by users, interaction histories, and so on, that are intended to label individuals as more or less reliable or trustworthy in a particular interaction context. We suggest that conventional approaches to the design of such systems are rooted in a capitalist, competitive paradigm, relying on methodological individualism, and that the reputation technologies themselves thus embody and enact this paradigm in whatever space they operate in. We question whether the politics, ethics and philosophy that contribute to this paradigm align with those of some of the contexts in which reputation systems are now being used, and suggest that alternative approaches to the establishment of trust and reputation in digital spaces need to be considered for alternative contexts.

It is a cliché of any introduction to fan fiction to claim its precursors in canonical authors, including Virgil, Shakespeare, Dante, Chaucer, and Milton. But what does it mean to call the Aeneid or the Divine Comedy fan fiction? What kinds of analyses might such an approach generate? A survey of the nascent field of premodern fan fiction studies reveals three main axes of approaches to reading premodern literature through the lens of fan fiction (poaching, transformation, and affect), which are organized in turn around different definitions of fan fiction, suggesting one possible interdisciplinary theoretical model. Rather than focusing on the selection of canonical texts, this burgeoning and vibrant field of study must instead focus on developing its methodology.

In this article, I argue for greater consideration of the role of affect in fan fiction when comparing it with literary forms from antiquity. Fan fiction uses an affective hermeneutics—knowing through feeling—and as a literary form it is inextricable from the fannish discourses that produce it. Yuletide letters—story requests in the annual fan fiction gift exchange for historical RPF—show how fan fiction readers and writers frame knowledge of history in terms of affect in order to fill the gaps in the past.

With: A Swiss hero / Anna May Wilson (p. 95-96). ; Original issued in series: New Sabbath library ; v. 1, no. 8, November 1898. ; Original issued in series: [Command papers / Great Britain. Parliament ; C. 1031] ; Cover title. ; Electronic reproduction. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 44

"This book has two interlocking ambitions. The first is to steer what we purposefully call the idioms of critical philosophy towards a more ecologically-informed paradigm. The second is to recognise that what has rightly come to be called the Anthropocene Extinction is not and cannot be treated as simply a scientific fact but is rather a socio-political and ecological dispute of immense complexity. We start with an exploration of the consequences of a critical tradition which, under the name Enlightenment, has placed humanity at its centre and chance as its most general -and problematic - characteristic. We argue that this leads to a schizophrenic relationship between radical critique and science which can be avoided if we take the implications of biosemiotics seriously and develop a new, ecologically-informed social science. We argue that in practice this means that for science to be practical in addressing to the Anthropocene extinction, we have to recognise that it operates in a historically emergent, highly differentiated techno-political ecology. Science, as it is currently commonly understood and used, is not ecological enough. This book will interest social scientists interested in not only describing and critiquing but also understanding and responding to the complex problems facing humanity; scientists wanting to make sense of social phenomena; those educating the next generation of social scientists; and climate activists and policy makers"--

Technology and changing consumer behaviour mean governments need to rethink and redefine their role in land passenger transport. New transportation service offerings are emerging from the private sector ― such as ride-sharing, car-sharing and Mobility-as-a- Service (MaaS). These services, and the technological platforms underpinning them, have the potential to transform public transportation. The prospect of competition arising in segments of the land passenger transport market and supply chain is becoming reality. Some ride-sharing providers' business models are evolving to include small on-demand buses that could, and in some cases do, compete against timetabled, fixed route bus services. In addition, MaaS providers could be considered 'retailers' who complement and compete with public transport authorities in offering pricing and service bundles to customers. Competition drives efficiency and innovation; however, history shows that government decisions can easily hinder competition in markets where they have a significant role in planning, delivery and regulation. This paper explores the policy challenges governments will need to address to enable new transport services and service providers to flourish. The paper draws from the author's experiences in other liberalised network industries to explore how government public transport policies and governance will need to evolve to ensure competition flourishes where efficient.

In dual vocational education and training (VET) systems, the state and employers collaborate in order to meet a country's needs in terms of education for youth and professional skills for the labour market. These systems are considered as effective tools to lower youth unemployment. However, since firms in dual VET systems select the apprentices, not every candidate gets access to in‐firm training. Consequently, governments develop measures that try to make their dual VET systems more inclusive. We present a categorisation of the different measures used to enhance inclusiveness in three dual collective skill formation countries (Switzerland, Germany and Denmark). We show that inclusiveness measures exist in each of the three countries but are limited in the extent to which firms are expected to play an active role in them. We conclude that the types of measures adopted are related to political economy traditions and the country's level of macro‐corporatism.

This article argues that the development of criticality in the three domains of knowledge, self and the world can and should be a goal for undergraduate learning in the sciences. It presents empirical evidence that this can be facilitated through teaching and learning that places a strong emphasis on the social dimensions of both the exercise and nature of criticality. Given the opportunity to discuss science as both an ongoing process and a human endeavour situated within a social context, students appeared to be able to adopt a hyperopic view allowing for high levels of criticality. When reflecting on their learning, students frequently ascribed developments in their thinking to the interactional, relational nature of the learning environment. ; This work was supported by the Australian Government Office for Learning and Teaching.