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This article focuses on how Jews realized Israel on Palestine land. In realizing the dream, Jews established their movement, namely Zionism, to take Palestine over Ottoman Turkey. To analyze it, historical analysis and approach by library research are needed in collecting the data. The study revealed that there were two strategies of Zionism. The first strategy is releasing Palestine from Ottoman Turkey authority. The second strategy is how to take over Palestine land, which was occupied by Palestinian Arabian. The first strategy consists of several ways: insinuating into Ottoman Turkey government and lobbying big countries such as Britain, France, and the USA. The second strategy started by controlling economics in Palestine. The Jewish people who lived in Palestine did it. They terrorized Palestinian people; hence they refugeed and left their homeland. The third strategy is the war between Jews and Arabian which was won by the Jews. Therefore, Israel proclamation did not find any obstacles. However, the proclamation triggered a reaction from Arabian countries, so that it made never-ending conflicts. Eventually, the conflict becomes an international matter.

The purpose of this article is to discuss how the realization of maduranisation bureaucracy elite in Besuki Residency in 1818-1942. Maduranisation is a policy from the colonial government implicated by the elected candidate of regent. They are Madurese, although geographically, Besuki Resindence is located in East Java. This policy is implicated by argumentation and good political calculation. Besides, the elite communities in Madura are loyal to the Dutch government. They hope that they will have a good relation because the local governments execute the daily governance. On the other hand, the majority of government comes from Javanese. Consequently, the accumulation of power is failed because it is able to destroy the Dutch colonial government. Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk membahas tentang bagimana pelaksanaan maduranisasi elite birokrasi di Karesidenan Besuki dari 1818-1942.Maduranisasi adalah sebuah kebijakan dari pemerintah kolonial yang dilaksanakan melalui pemilihan bupati dari etnis Madura walaupun secara geografis Karesidenan Besuki terletak di Jawa Timur. Kebijakan ini dilakukan berdasarkan argumentasi dan perhitungan politik yang baik bahwa elite Madura sangat loyal terhadap pemerintah Belanda. Pemerintah Belanda berharap di satu pihak bupati dari etnis Madura akan menjadi partner yang baik, sebaliknya di pihak lain Pemerintah Hindia Belanda bisa memotong alur/keturunan dari penguasa lama (Blambangan). Hasil dari kebijakan ini adalah, empat kabupaten di Karesidenan Besuki secara perlahan didominasi oleh elite Madura, terutama keturunan dari Pamekasan dan Sumenep, sementara keturunan dari penguasa Blambangan hanya memerintah sampai tahun 1889.Â

This article discusses the political conflict in the movement of 1926. The focus of research is how did the political conflict in the movement of the SI occur, what factors were behind the conflict, and what impact did it bring. This study revealed that the conflict was caused by ideological differences between Semaun group and Tjokroaminoto group. The Semaun group promoted a communist ideology which was later known as the Red Sarekat Islam and took a non-cooperative path, while the Tjokroaminoto group or White SI chose a cooperative strategy with the Dutch government. These conflicts caused a split in the organization of the SI and Red SI group finally seperated and joined the Netherland Indies Communist Party. Meanwhile, the figures of White SI, among others Tjokroaminoto, announced the party's policy to prohibit a person entering more than one political organization.Keywords: political conflict, red Sarekat Islam, white Sarekat Islam

AbstrakArtikel ini menjelaskan tentang Pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia terhadap etnis Tionghoa di Kota Malang tahun 1967-2000. Kota Malang merupakan salah satu wilayah yang kosmopolit dan multi etnis yang terbuka terhadap segala bentuk budaya dari luar. Di Kota Malang salah satu keberadaan komunitas yang cukup penting untuk dikaji adalah etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi politik untuk menganalisis keberadaan komunitas Tionghoa di Malang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam rangka mengintegrasikan etnis Tionghoa ke dalam masyarakat pribumi, pemerintah mulai menerapkan asimilasi sebagai kebijakan yang resmi pada masa rezim Orde Baru. Kebijakan asimilasi yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Orde Baru memberikan dampak terhadap etnis Tionghoa di Malang, baik yang sifatnya positif ataunpun negatif. DI masa masa reformasi, paling tidak sampai tahun 2000, pemerintah memberikan kebebasan kepada komunitas Tionghoa dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, khususnya dengan mencabut kebijakan yang dianggap mendiskriminasi mereka. Berbagai kebijakan pemerintah pada era reformasi mencerminkan pembelaan terhadap kaum minoritas Tionghoa. Oleh karenya kehidupan komunitas etnis Tionghoa di Kota Malang lebih baik. Bahkan, komunitas Tionghoa juga merasakan dampak positif secara kultural, yakni kebebasan mengekspresikan kekayaan budaya mereka.

The adherence form of linguistic politeness in teaching indonesian to speaker of other language (TISOL) is the language situation between teachers and foreign students. The form of obedience to politeness is in the form of adhering to the maxim of generosity, praise or acceptance, humility, and the maxim of agreement. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The data collection techniques which used in this research were listening-free-participating-speaking techniques and data transcription. In this study, data analyzing technique use Miles and Huberman interactive model in the form of collecting data, reducing data, analyzing data, and verifying data. The results of the study found that there was a form of politeness in language which was seen from the four maxims of politeness, including (1) the generosity maxim; (2) praise maxim; (3) humility maxim and (4) the agreement maxim.

The objective of this study was to obtain an innovative instructional material based on local culture of Perdikan Cahyana area to promote students' competences in appreciating fiction stories. The material was developed based on the fiction aspects to meet the requirement of curriculum subject for the fifth-grade students in elementary school and followed by the need analysis results. The material was designed in printed form and it was standardized to meet good quality learning material for elementary student purposes. The results showed that the developed fiction material was categorized as very good. The material was effective to use and be able to motivate the students to appreciate fiction stories. The developed material facilitated the students to involve in the learning process actively which made the learning move from teacher center to student center learning. The significance value was 0.000 < 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there was a positive improvement and significant value of learning outcomes of the fiction stories appreciation after the use of developed instructional material.

Sedekah Bumi (earth alms) in Kalitanjung Hamlet is held annually, and one of the processions is ruwat bumi with wayang kulit (shadow puppet). This research aims to describe the ecological values of wayang kulit in Kalitanjung Hamlet, Banyumas. This is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The data sources consist of the procession and the local community. The sampling techniques used were snowball sampling and purposive sampling. The data collection technique was done through nonparticipant observation and an in-depth interview. The data analysis was explained in three processes: data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that there are ecological values in wayang kulit sedekah bumi. The ecological values in wayang kulit sedekah bumi consist of environmental education values, respect for nature, the fact that humans and nature are interdependent, and nature as a relative.

Natural problems are the main issues which is related to the human attitudes and behaviours. There is a reciprocal relationship between human and nature. Ecological damage affects the life of organisms or other biotic and abiotic elements. In literary discourse, the author could show the destruction of nature. The purpose of this study is to describe the natural problems in Okky Madasari's novel Mata dan Manusia Laut. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive analytic working mechanism. The approach used was an ecocritical approach. The data collection technique applied was documentation. The data analysis activities consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that the natural problems contained in the novel of Mata and Manusia Laut were natural problems and artificial or influenced by human behaviour. Non-anthropocentric problems were weather problems in Kaledupa and Masalembo, high waves caused by the gravity of the moon, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Meanwhile, the problems that were directly influenced by the attitudes and behaviours of the characters consisted of the problem of fish bombs, sea water pollution with garbage, and the death of the mother octopus. The results of this study could be used to strengthen the character and attitude of loving the environment.

This research aimed to find out the social conflict that exist in the novel of Kembang Jepun. This research focused on forms of social conflict in novels and the causes of social conflict. This study used a sociological literature approach. The source of data in this research was the novel of Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado. The results of the study showed that the form of social conflict which showed the existence of child trafficking carried out by Janjte and Kotaro Takimura figures, violence and fights that occurred in Shinju, arrest by police at the Tjahaja Soerabja office. The reason of this social conflict was the greed character of Janjte's figure, Kotaro Takamura, who wanted his place of business to be crowded again and Tjak Broto's writing which was considered to have provoked the community to hate the Dutch government.

This research aimed to find out the social conflict that exist in the novel of Kembang Jepun. This research focused on forms of social conflict in novels and the causes of social conflict. This study used a sociological literature approach. The source of data in this research was the novel of Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado. The results of the study showed that the form of social conflict which showed the existence of child trafficking carried out by Janjte and Kotaro Takimura figures, violence and fights that occurred in Shinju, arrest by police at the Tjahaja Soerabja office. The reason of this social conflict was the greed character of Janjte's figure, Kotaro Takamura, who wanted his place of business to be crowded again and Tjak Broto's writing which was considered to have provoked the community to hate the Dutch government.

This research aims to explain The Indonesian language learning material and character education-based language skills in the grade IV elementary school student book on the 2013 Curriculum theme "Peduli terhadap Makhluk Hidup". This type of research was qualitatively descriptive with the method of content analysis. The data in this research were 10 character values according to Permendikbud No. 20 of 2018, namely: tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, democratic, friendly/communicative, environmental care, social care, and responsibility. This research focused only on learning material Bahasa Indonesia in grade 4 elementary school students' book with the theme 3 revised edition 2017. The results of this research were known that there are 10 character values in Indonesian material in the student's book and contain all four language skills. The frequency with which character education values and language skills are presented is not evenly presented. The value of character education was dominated by the values of tolerance, creative, democratic, and friendly/communicative, while language skills are emphasized more on speaking and writing skills.Keywords: character education, Indonesian learning material, language skills, student's book, elementary school.

This research aims to develop learning material is insight of a fairy tale that containing character values for grade 3 students through a handbook, consisting of teacher books and student books that can improve students' intensive reading skills. This fairy tale material involves learning fairy tales with character-oriented insights and guided by using the correct intensive reading skill steps and easy to learn, understand, and understood by the students. This instructional material is equipped with competency map to be achieved by the students, description of student learning materials, student learning activities, exercise questions, reflection, and assessment used to measure students 'competence to the students' intensive reading skill. Research method in this development is using Borg and Gall technique. Expert validation results show content-oriented teaching materials to improve students' intensive reading skills that are valid and highly viable to use. Students' responses to the understanding of character values are increasing. Teaching materials based on character values to enhance intensive reading skills can improve the intensive reading skill of students' fairy tales. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between post test of experimental group and control group. Mean experimental group postest 83.6 and average control group postestscore of 78, both groups had a difference of 5.6, indicating a significant increase in increment. So it can be said that the experimental group of learning by using old teaching materials plus storytelling materials with character values insight to improve intensive reading skills more effectively improve student learning outcomes.

The Chinese was considered the foreign people in Besuki Residency, despite of they hadsettled in Java northeast coast, even some had become administrators in the private land ofthe area. This article identifies and describes why they were able to be the administratorsin the area from the end of 18th to the beginning of 19th century. The problems to discuss are the relationship between Chinese administrators and the indigenous government and their relationship to the people. This study shows that there were differences and similaritiesbetween Chinese contract handlers (Chinese landlords) and Chinese as administrators.They were differentiated by the way of earning wide land and the way of getting power.The landlords had the right to manage wide land by renting or buying from the colonialgovernment. Meanwhile, Chinese administrators were promoted as the head of area becausetheir merit for colonial government. However, in managing the rented district both of them had similiar tendency; governing by feudal manner from which they considered themselvesthe owners of the land.