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This book offers an accessible and comprehensive introduction to criminology in Ireland. Logically structured and clearly written, this book explores theory and empirical research through real-life examples from an Irish context. Engaging and challenging, this book encourages critical thinking about, and understanding of, crime and crime control in Ireland, North and South. The book covers the canon of criminological theory, from classical and psychological approaches right through to the contemporary. It offers an overview of the Irish criminal justice system, including the police, prisons and alternatives to punishment. It covers key criminological themes such as victims and victimology, gender, the drug trade and its regulation, terrorism and political violence, and desistance and the life course. Key features include: Critical assessment of key criminological theories, which are later woven into discussions of key thematic areas Case studies of historical and contemporary Irish events, including the Magdalene Laundries, gangland feuds and the decriminalisation of drugs Extensive reading lists of key academic texts and relevant Irish literature, movies, music and art This book is the only comprehensive criminology textbook specifically designed for the Irish undergraduate curriculum. It is essential reading for all criminology students in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland and will also be of interest to postgraduates and academics looking for an overview of Irish Criminology.

Introduction: Hawking the historical method in organised crime and terrorism studies / James Windle, John F. Morrison, Aaron Winter and Andrew Silke. Organised crime -- "A citadel of crime" : Saint Paul, Minnesota, and the O'Connor system / James A. Densley -- The causes of traditional organized crime : comparing Chicago and New York / Robert M Lombardo -- The French connection : a brief critical history / Ryan Gingeras -- "He just wasn't the bloke i used to know" : social capital and the fragmentation of a British organised crime network / James Windle -- Terrorism -- 1975 : the truce that changed the troubles / John F. Morrison -- The Klan is history : a historical perspective on the revival of the far-right in "post-racial" America / Aaron Winter -- Terrorism and organised crime? -- Somali maritime predation : traditional piracy or a new form of terrorism? / Anamika Twyman-Ghoshal -- Narcoterrorism in Colombia / Francis Gaffney -- Empire, war, decolonisation and the birth of the illicit opium trade in Burma, 1800-1961 / John Collins -- Jamaat-al-Muslimeen : the blurred lines between organised crime and terrorism in Trinidad and Tobago / Andrew Silke

Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acronyms/Abbreviations -- List of Illustrations -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- 1. Context, Theory and Concepts -- 2. China -- 3. Iran -- 4. Turkey -- 5. Thailand -- 6. Pakistan -- 7. Vietnam and Laos -- 8. Synthesis and Comparison -- 9. Policy Implications for Afghanistan -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: Measurement Issues -- Appendix 2: Specification of Outcome Measurement of Success -- Appendix 3: Case Selection -- Appendix 4: Worldwide Governance Indicators -- Notes -- Bibliography

The suppression of drug consumption and trade is high on the Government of Vietnam's agenda. To accomplish this goal, Vietnam employs repressive policies that often contravene international human rights law. Among the most detrimental and problematic policies are the incarceration of drug users in compulsory treatment centers, and the stigmatization and abuse of consumers by the police. Vietnamese drug policy is, however, slowly changing in the face of one of Asia's worst ongoing HIV epidemics. While the Communist Government of the early-1990s designated illicit drugs as a "social evil" to be eradicated through punitive and often repressive means, the recent implementation of harm reduction approaches have reduced the level of needle sharing, and thus HIV transmission. This briefing will explore the current trends in drug consumption, production, and trafficking before looking at the key harms and threats associated with drugs in Vietnam. This will be followed by a summary of Vietnam's drug policies, including the country's approach to drug treatment, harm reduction, and illicit opium suppression: Vietnam is one of a small number of states to have suppressed illicit opium production, an intervention that centred upon coercive negotiations with limited alternative development. The briefing will conclude with some tentative recommendations for reform and thoughts on what could be expected from Vietnam during the Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS 2016).

This study examines India and Turkey as case studies relevant to the Senlis Council's 'poppies for medicine' proposal. The proposal is that Afghan farmers are licensed to produce opium for medical and scientific purposes. Here it is posited that the Senlis proposal neglects at least three key lessons from the Turkish and Indian experiences. First, not enough weight has been given to diversion from licit markets, as experienced in India. Second, both India and Turkey had significantly more efficient state institutions with authority over the licensed growing areas. Third, the proposal appears to overlook the fact that Turkey's successful transition was largely due to the use of the poppy straw method of opium production. It is concluded that, while innovative and creative policy proposals such as that of the Senlis proposal are required if Afghanistan is to move beyond its present problems, 'poppies for medicine' does not withstand evidence-based scrutiny.

This paper compares two of history's largest producers of opium - Afghanistan (2000-11) and China (1917-35) - to suggest that in both cases production was facilitated by: (1) A lack of central control over the national territory; (2) The existence of local power-holders; (3) Internal violent conflict; (4) The existence of a significant domestic opium consuming population. The initial analysis is extended by introducing a successful opium production suppression intervention, The People's Republic of China (1950s/1960s), to suggest that the control of opium in contemporary Afghanistan requires the Government to: (1) Extend the state into isolated and hostile areas; (2) Facilitate a sense of selfinterest in the Afghan Government and political elite towards opium suppression; (3) Facilitate a perception that suppression benefits opium farmers; (4) Strengthen the capacity to monitor opium farmers and enforce the law.

Incorporating the experiences of service users, academics, state and grassroots practitioners, this volume considers how researchers might bridge the gap between theory and lived experience. It furthers criminological scholarship by capturing the voices of marginalized groups and exploring how criminology can authentically incorporate these voices.

Preface -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Desistance and recovery in the academic literature -- Chapter 3: Cork City: understanding the context -- Chapter 4: Methodology -- Chapter 5: Childhood Experiences -- Chapter 6: Lifestyle, offending, addiction -- Chapter 7: Moving out of the Chaos -- Chapter 8: Conclusion.

This book examines desistance from offending amongst men in County Cork the largest county in the Republic of Ireland. It examines the bigger picture of desistance, namely how offending and recovery from addiction are inseparable processes. It draws on in-depth interviews with 40 men who had engaged with the criminal justice system, and the chapters which follow trace the participants life histories: from the hardships they endured as children through their recollection of their reckless teenage years into active addiction and their often numerous attempts at recovery and eventually, for most, full recovery. It challenges some of the dominant assumptions that exist around desistance, and discusses topics such as toxic masculinity. It offers a practice friendly account of the academic work on desistance and a multidisciplinary holistic account of the process of doing desistance. Graham Cambridge is a project worker with Churchfield Community Trust, Ireland; a probation funded initiative. Graham completed his PhD in Criminology in 2019 at University College Cork. Orla Lynch is Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Associate Dean of Graduate Studies at University College Cork, Ireland. Until 2015 she was Director of Teaching and a Lecturer in Terrorism Studies at CSTPV at the University of St Andrews. James Windle is Lecturer in Criminology at University College Cork, Ireland. He was previously Senior Lecturer of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of East London. .

"In recent years, in the context of the War on Terror and globalization, there has been an increased interest in terrorism and organized crime in academia, yet historical research into such phenomena is relatively scarce. This book resets the balance and emphasizes the importance of historical research to understanding terrorism and organized crime. This book explores historical accounts of organized crime and terrorism, drawing on research from around the world in such areas as the USA, UK, Ireland, France, Colombia, Somalia, Burma, Turkey and Trinidad and Tobago. Combining key case studies with fresh conceptualizations of organized crime and terrorism, this book reinvigorates scholarship by comparing and contrasting different historical accounts and considering their overlaps. Critical 'lessons learned' are drawn out from each chapter, providing valuable insights for current policy, practice and scholarship. This book is an indispensable guide for understanding the wider history of terrorism and organized crime. It maps key historical changes and trends in this area and underlines the vital importance of history in understanding critical contemporary issues. Taking an interdisciplinary approach and written by leading criminologists, historians and political scientists, this book will be of particular interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, organized crime, drug policy, criminology, security studies, politics, international relations, sociology and history."--Provided by publisher.

"In recent years, in the context of the War on Terror and globalization, there has been an increased interest in terrorism and organized crime in academia, yet historical research into such phenomena is relatively scarce. This book resets the balance and emphasizes the importance of historical research to understanding terrorism and organized crime.This book explores historical accounts of organized crime and terrorism, drawing on research from around the world in such areas as the USA, UK, Ireland, France, Colombia, Somalia, Burma, Turkey and Trinidad and Tobago. Combining key case studies with fresh conceptualizations of organized crime and terrorism, this book reinvigorates scholarship by comparing and contrasting different historical accounts and considering their overlaps. Critical 'lessons learned' are drawn out from each chapter, providing valuable insights for current policy, practice and scholarship. This book is an indispensable guide for understanding the wider history of terrorism and organized crime. It maps key historical changes and trends in this area and underlines the vital importance of history in understanding critical contemporary issues.Taking an interdisciplinary approach and written by leading criminologists, historians and political scientists, this book will be of particular interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, organized crime, drug policy, criminology, security studies, politics, international relations, sociology and history."--Provided by publisher.